302 SAXIFRAGACEAE 
leaves (one or even both wanting in M. nuda). Petals fringed. Ovary 
l-lobed, 1-valved. 
1. M. diphylla, L. (Fig. 4, pl. 60.) Two-LeEavep Bisnop’s Cap. 
MirErwort. Basal leaves broadly heart-shaped. Flowering stem 10 to 
18 in. high, with a pair of broad leaves less than half way up. Flowers 
clustered along the upper part of the slender stem. Petals white, two 
or three times longer than the sepals, beautifully fringed. In rich woods. 
Early spring. In all our range. 
2. M. nuda, L. (Fig. 3, pl. 60.) Nakrp BisHop’s Cap. MITERWORT. 
Flowering stem 3 to 7 in. high. Leaves all basal or with one small leaf 
half way up the stem; rounded, heart-shaped at base, hairy. The hairy 
flower stem bears about half a dozen white flowers, the petals being more 
deeply cut and delicately fringed than No. 1. In similar situations as 
No. 1. Blooms in early spring and also again in autumn. 
5. CHRYSOSPLENIUM, L. 
Low, creeping, rather fleshy herbs, growing in wet places. Leaves, in 
our species, opposite, without stipules. Flowers minute, greenish, spring- 
ing in the axils of the leaves. Petals wanting. Stamens 8 to 10. Ovary 
of 1 cell, separating above into 2 lobes. Lobes of the calyx, which are 
the conspicuous elements of the flower, yellowish-green. 
C. americanum, Schwein. (Fig. 9, pl. 59.) WATER CARPET. GOLDEN 
SAXIFRAGE, Stems 3 to 8 in. long, creeping, branched, smooth and shin- 
ing. Lower leaves opposite, round or broadly ovate, with shallow notches 
in margin. Flowers yellowish or purplish. In wet places, not common. 
In the central part of our region. From the northern to southern part 
of our area, Early spring. 
6. PARNASSIA, L. 
Smooth herbs, with basal leaves on long leaf stalks and with slender 
flower stems bearing a single leaf near the middle. Leaves with 5 end- 
to-end veins. Stem with a single terminal conspicuous white flower. 
Ovary 1-lobed, 1-celled with short styles or none. Stamens 10 or more, 
5 of which are fertile, the others without anthers. 
P. caroliniana, Michx. (Fig. 10, pl. 59.) GRAss-or-PARNASSUS. 
Flowering scape 8 to 24 in. high, with a broad heart-shaped leaf clasping 
below the middle. Basal leaves on long slender leaf-stalks, somewhat 
heart-shaped at base and decurrent on the leaf-stalk, 1 to 2 in. long, 
nearly as wide. Flower white with several greenish veins 2/3 to 14 in. 
in diameter; calyx segments 1/3 as long as petals, light green. In 
swamps, brook-sides and wet meadows, throughout our area. June- 
September. 
7. HYDRANGEA, L. 
Our species a shrub with opposite egg-shaped leaves and terminal 
clusters of flowers. Leaves without stipules. The exterior flowers of the 
spreading cluster are often sterile and without petals, but with large 
and conspicuous calyx lobes. Calyx tube of fertile flowers hemispheric 
with 8 or 10 ribs. Stamens 8 to 10. Petals generally 5, sometimes 4. 
Ovary 2- to 4-lobed with 2 diverging styles. External to the ovary are 
10 to 12 vertical ribs. 
