312 ROSACEAE 
villosus, Gray.) Stems 3 to 10 ft. high, erect or recurved, armed with 
strong curved prickles. Young branches and lower surface of leaves 
covered with short hairs, Leaflets 3, rarely 5. Stipules at base of com- 
mon leaf-stem linear; borders of leaves coarsely serrate. Flowers white 
in terminal conic or pyramidal clusters. Fruit black, sweet and pulpy. 
Dry soil, New England and southward. May-June. 
8. R. alleghaniensis, Porter. (Fig. 8, pl. 63.) Mountain Brack- 
BERRY. Similar to last, but stems more slender and leaflets, often 5, 
generally narrower, while the fruit is quite narrow, cylindric, less pulpy 
and of different flavor from the preceding species. Dry soil northern 
New York to Penna., and southward. Aug.-Sept. 
9. R. canadensis, L. MiLispaucn’s BiLackperry. (R. Millspaughii, 
Britton.) Stem with few or no prickles. Berry shorter than either of 
last two species. Adirondack and White Mountains. 
10. R. cuneifolius, Pursh. (Fig. 4, pl. 63.) Sanp BLackperry. 
Stems much branched, 1 to 3 ft. high, upright with strong straight or 
recurved prickles. Young branches and under side of leaves whitish 
downy. Leaflets generally 3, sometimes 5, deeply serrate at borders; 
rounded at apex, the terminal one broadly wedge-shaped. Fruit black. 
Sandy woods, in southern part of our area. 
ll. R. hispidus, L. (Fig. 2, pl. 63.) Runninc Swamp BLACKBERRY. 
Stems trailing, slender with many weak bristles. Branchlets ascending. 
Leaflets 3, broad at apex, pointed at base. Fruit of a few grains, black. 
In moist shaded places. June-July. 
12. R. setosus, Bigel. (Fig. 9, pl. 63.) Bristty BLAcKBERRY. 
Similar to last, but stems stouter and less trailing. Older branchlets 
covered with stout reflexed bristles which are tipped with glands. Leaf- 
lets generally in 5s, narrower and longer than those of No. 10. Fruit 
small, sour. Northern New York and eastern Penna. July-Aug. 
13. R. nigricans, Rydb, PrcK’s Dewserry. Stouter than Nos. 10 
and 11, and more upright. Stems armed with fine priekles, which are 
not tipped with glands. Leaves, the lower, at least, in 5s; both sur- 
faces smooth; leaflets on short stalks. 
14. R. Baileyanus, Britton. BAtmry’s BLAckBerry. Stems generally 
trailing, 8 to 6 ft. long, armed with many prickers. Leaflets generally 
3, broadly oval, downy; margins coarsely serrate. Flowers rather large, 
white; fruit small. Woods and shady places, Maine to southern New 
York and southward. May-June. 
15. R. villosus, Ait. (Fig. 6, pl. 63.) Low Bu uacksperry. Dew- 
Berry. (RR. procumbens, Muhl.). Stems trailing, 3 to 12 ft long, the 
ascending branches 4 to 12 in. high. Trailing stem and erect branches 
armed with prickers. Flowers white, rather large. Fruit black, juicy and 
of fine flavor. Throughout our area. 
6. DALIBARDA, L. 
A low herb of the general appearance of a violet. Stem and leaves 
downy. Leaves nearly orbicular with heart-shaped bases. Flower soli- 
tary, white, with calyx of 5 or 6 parts, generally 3 longer than the others, 
Petals 5; stamens numerous. 
