326 ; ROSACEAE 
toothed. Flowers in a conspicuous ecylindrie or pyramidal head, sepals 
4, stamens 4, long, white; the long spike taking its color from these ex- 
serted filaments. Bogs and wet meadows. July-Oct. 
S. officinalis, L., and S. minor, Scop., the former with more dense spikes 
than No. 1, which are brownish or purplish-red, the latter with globular 
greenish heads, established in a few places. 
1g. ROSA, L. 
Shrubs with, usually, prickly stems and compound, feather-formed 
leaves, subtended by stipules, which are united to the sides of the leaf- 
stalk. Flowers solitary or, in our species, in loose clusters. Petals 
5, spreading, calyx tube urn-shaped, contracted at the mouth. Stamens 
numerous, inserted on the ring that lines the calyx tube, within which are 
the numerous pistils. 
Stems without prickles . o's; “we te “eel o Le ite ence are 
Stems with both slender and ‘stiff prickles ans.” sev bixev’ Wes, fol to. hei 0 Nop aicemeeiannrin 
Stems with stiff prickles only. 
Prickles straight and slender . . © o+ Ri hums 
Prickles recurved, short and slender, ” stipules narrow . . . R. carolina 
eae | stout, recurved. 
e: 
af borders with single row of teeth . ... « « R. canina 
Leaf borders with double row of teeth . . .. . R. rubiginosa 
1. R. blanda, Ait. (Fig. 2, pl. 70.) Smoorn or Meavow Rose. Shrub 
1 to 4 ft. high, growing in moist rocky places; stems wholly unarmed or 
with very few (rarely many) prickles. Stipules broad, extending nearly 
to the first pair of leaflets, not toothed. Leaflets 5 to 7, elliptic or nar- 
rowly oblong. Serration simple. Flowers pink, 2 to 3 in. broad. Sepals 
entire. Moist rocky places. June-July. 
2. R. carolina,L. (Fig. 1, pl. 70.) Swamp Ross. Shrub often 8 ft. 
high, growing in swamps. Stems usually straight and stout. Prickles, 
below the stipules generally recurved, short, in pairs. Leaflets 5 to 9, 
usually 7; narrowly oblong, pointed at the ends; usually silky beneath; 
serrations of leaves simple. Flowers 2 to 3 in. broad, pink. Calyx lobes 
simple. Wet grounds; swamps. June-Aug. 
3. R. humilis, Marsh. (Fig. 5, pl. 70.) Low or Pasture ROosE. 
Shrub, 4 to 3 ft. or more high. Stem slender, armed with straight, slen- 
der prickles. Stipules long and narrow; leaflets mostly 7, narrowly ob- 
long, pointed at ends; borders simply toothed, Flowers few or solitary, 
2 to 3 in. broad, the petals dilated above and usually lobed. Sepals with 
prickles and somewhat lobed. Dry soils. 
Var. lucida, Ehrh. Leaves shining above and flowers more numerous. 
Moist places. (Sometimes described as a species, R. virginiana, Mill.) 
4. R. nitida, Willd. (Fig. 3, pl. 70.) NorrneasterNn Rose. Low 
bushy shrub. Stems armed thickly with prickles; spines slender. Leaf- 
lets 5 to 9. Stipules rather broad, Flowers few or solitary. Margins of 
swamps. June-July. 
5. R. canina, L. Doa Rosr. Wi Briar. Shrub, reaching height 
of 10 ft. Stems armed with stout recurved prickles. Leaflets 5 to 7, 
borders with simple serrations. Sepals, lobed at free extremities, Road- 
sides and waste places. Naturalized. June-July. 
6. R. rubiginosa, L. (Fig. 4, pl. 70.) EcorLantine. Sweet BRIAR. 
Shrub, similar to last. Stems wand-like, curving, armed with strong re- 
