364 GERANIALES 
Order VII.—GERANIALES. Order of the Geraniums 
This order includes families differing so widely that they do 
not appear related except to the expert. ‘There are, however, cer- 
tain common characteristics. 'There are present the calyx and 
corolla except in rare instances. The ovary is superior to and 
free from the calyx and the divisions of the calyx (sepals) are, 
in nearly all cases distinctly separate from each other to the base 
or nearly to it. The stamens are few, usually 5 or 10 in flowers 
in which the petals are all similar (flowers regular), but in flowers 
in which the petals of the same flower are dissimilar the number 
is reduced. The carpels (ovule bearing parts of the pistils) 5 or 
less, are united, retaining, however, their dividing partitions, but 
in Geranium these carpels separate when ripe. The ovules are 
pendulous from the part of the carpel entering into the constitu- 
tion of the central axis of the combined carpels, and the ridge 
which connects the two ends of the ovule (the raphe) lies toward 
this central aats. 
Herbs. 
With colored, showy flowers. 
Flowers symmetrical. 
Leaves with radiating lobes . . GERANIACEAE 
Leaves 3-foliate . . . . . OXALIDACEAE 
Leaves not lobed or divided . . . LINACEAE 
Flowers unsymmetrical . . . . POLYGALACEAE 
With mostly inconspicuous flowers, plants with milky juice 
. EUPHORBIACEAE 
Small aquatic plants with very slender stems, opposite 
leaves and minute axillary flowers . CALLITRICHACEAE 
Trees. 
Leaves of not more than 13 leaflets. . . RUTACEAE 
Leaves of from 13 to more than 40 leaflets SIMARUBACEAE 
Famity I—GERANIACEAE. Geranium FAmIty ~ 
Iferbs, rarely shrubby, the stems of which often divide in pairs. 
Leaves usually deeply lobed, nearly always with stipules at the 
