MILKWORT FAMILY 371 
in. long, the group on a long leaf-stalk. Flowers in compound cluster, 
greenish-white. Seeds, 2 in a broad winged fruit, the wings reticulated, 
nearly round, about { in, in diameter. In southern part of our area. 
Not common. June. 
Famity V.—SIMARUBACEAE. ArLtAntruus FAMILY 
Trees or shrubs. Flowers regular, with calyx and corolla, gen- 
erally 5 sepals, 5 petals and twice as many stamens; staminate and 
pistillate flowers separate. Carpels generally free or united above. 
Fruit (in our species) winged. Leaves compound, without stipules. 
AILANTHUS, Desf. 
A. glandulosa, Desf. The only species in our region, the Ailanthus, 
planted as a shade tree, grows to a height of from 40 to 90 ft. The com- 
pound leaves are often 2 or 3 ft. long with from 6 to 20 pairs of leaflets 
and an odd one. 
Famity VI.—POLYGALACEAE. Mitxworr Famity 
In our area, all herbs, with unsymmetrical flowers; calyx of 5 
sepals and corolla usually of 3 petals; two of the sepals resembling 
petals. Stamens generally 8, sometimes 6. Ovary of 2 cells. 
Style simple. Fruit a capsule. 
POLYGALA, Tourn. 
Flowers generally showy, colored, quite irregular, in grape-like clus- 
ters. Calyx of 5 sepals, the upper and the two lower small and greenish, 
the two side sepals large and colored like petals. Three petals only are 
developed, the anterior of which is much the largest and is covered by the 
two posterior. The large petal is 3-lobed, the middle lobe being fringed 
or tufted, the whole petal resembling the keel of a boat or in some 
species it is spoon-like. Stamens 6 to 8. Fruit a 2-seeded pod. 
Principal leaves mostly in whorls. 
Flower heads in close contact with leaves . - FP. cruciata 
Flower heads removed from leaves by elongated “flower stems. 
Heads of flowers cylindric or rounded, blunt . . . P. brevifolia 
Heads (spikes) slender aad spindle- formed Sal ia a IZ diane ne 
Lower leaves only in a whorl. . SA Pa SPR oe an We Sarnia: 
Leaves alternate. 
Flowers orange-yellow SMAoMcet Distane bray s:| Venies aey WRN Yi cwmredl tee Ceuta 
Flowers purple to white; 
In spindle-shaped spikes or heads. 
Leaves linear to narrow lance-shaped, not distant from each other, 
flowers greenish or yellowish-purple . . ie Nuttallii 
Leaves linear, quite distant from each other. Flowers" pink P. incarnata 
Fiowers in rounded heads, blunt at top. 
Bracts persistent OL ro som SL to ea We Ginna 
BractsiG@ecidtOusy sj.) fe vey cel tee wed Ie ee le) Lee anarana 
Flowers in elongated spikes. 
Leaves linear . Si cue sai is Misn Lies Nel Voltaren apolvcame 
Leaves lance- shaped Nene ch Hoss tat ery a's P.  senega 
Flowers: few; showy; in loose clusters. . . 1 « 6 « i. ’P. paucifolia 
1. P. cruciata, L. (Fig. 11, pl. 86.) Cross-LEAvVED MiLKwort. 
Marsu Mitxwort. Erect, 4 to 16 in. high, branching above, nearly or 
