384 ILICACEAE 
is dense and spindle-shaped of greenish flowers. Found throughout our 
region on hillsides and in pastures. June-Aug. 
2. R. typhina, L. (Fig. 2, pl. 90.) SracHorn Sumac. (R. hirta, 
(L.) Sudw.). Branches and common leaf-stalks densely silky or velvety. 
Leaves of 11 to 31 leaflets, the compound leaf being from 7 to 30 in. long. 
Leaf-stalks not winged. A small tree generally 15 to 20 ft. high, but 
often reaching a height of more than 30 ft. Common. June-Aug. 
3. R. glabra, L. (Fig. 1, pl. 89.) Smoorn Uptanp Sumac. Shrub 
or tree, 10 to 30 ft. high, with long compound leaves, leaflets from about 
11 to about 31. Leaflets and leaf-stems smooth, lance-shaped, with ser- 
rated edges, very acute at outer extremity, pale beneath. No wings on 
the main leaf stem. Hillsides. June-August. 
4. R. canadensis, Marsh. (Fig. 2, pl. 89.) (R. aromatica, Ait.). 
Shrub, 3 to 8 ft. high. Leaves trifoliate. Leaflets ego-shaped or rhombic, 
aromatic, with coarse teeth at edges. Flowers yellowish-green in dense 
rounded or oblong masses, Flowers appearing before the leaves. Woods, 
not common. March-April. 
5. R. Vernix, L. (Fig. 3, pl. 90.) Porson Sumac. A shrub or small 
graceful tree, very poisonous. Height from 6 to 25 ft. Leaflets 7 to 13, 
smooth or when young somewhat downy, oval and without teeth. Flowers 
green, in clusters much less dense than those of the preceding species. 
Found in swamps. Is more poisonous than the following species. 
6. R. toxicodendron, L. (Fig. 4, pl. 90.) Porson Ivy. (R. radi- 
cans, L.). Climbing vine, adhering to rocks or trees by rootlets which 
shoot from the stem. Often erect as a low bushy shrub. Leaves of 3 
egg-shaped leaflets which have smooth edges. Flowers greenish. Along 
fences and thickets or climbing trees. 
A pernicious species which is too often permitted to grow to the detri- 
ment of the health of many people, even when not poisoned by contact. 
Many persons living in neighborhoods where this vine is tolerated become 
ill from obscure nervous troubles, which are often considered as malarial 
and the value of property is in such places reduced since the localities 
acquire the reputation of being “ malarial.” This is especially the case 
with many interesting localities along the Hudson River. 
Famity IV.—ILICACEAE. Hotty Famity 
Trees or shrubs, with small white flowers in the leaf axils, gen- 
erally of 4 or 6 petals, 3 to 6 sepals and 4 to 6 stamens. Fruit 
a berry-like drupe. Leaves alternate and simple. 
Poems oval oroblong . .- « “. 4<) «tev s =) 5 rn 
Petals Minear . wwe se A ee ee Ae, 
t ILEX, i, 
Shrubs or small trees, with alternate leaves and with flowers, several 
or solitary, appearing at the leaf-axils. Petals, in our species, 4 to 6; 
stamens as many as the petals (No. 5 has from 4 to 8 petals). Calyx 
minute of 4 or 6 divisions. Fruit a round berry inclosing 4 or 6 small 
nutlets. The flowers may enclose both stamens and pistils or stamens 
may be found in one flower and pistils in another. 
