394 RHAMNACEAE 
edges of which are coarsely toothed. They are thin, pale and smooth. 
Flowers orange-yellow mottled with brown, in pairs at extremities of 
branches. The lower sepal forms a conical spur which is elongated and 
eurved. Sac broader than long. In moist places, borders of streams 
mostly. July-Oct. 
2. I. pallida, Nutt. (Fig. 2, pl. 93.) Pate JeweEL WEED. ToucH- 
ME-NOT. (J. aurea, Muhl.). Plant similar to preceding species, but 
leaves larger and longer. Flowers pale yellow, with a few brown dots. 
Spur short. Sac longer than broad. In situations similar to last. 
Order IX.—RHAMNALES. Order of the Buckthorns 
Shrubs, small trees or climbing vines, with or without thorns. 
Leaves always simple, not lobed. Stamens as many as the divisions 
of the calyx and alternate with them. When petals are present the 
stamens are opposite them. 
Famity I—RHAMNACEAE. Buckruorns 
Leaves opposite or alternate, not lobed or compound. Stipules 
present but small and falling early. Flowers in clusters either 
terminal or from the axils, always small, regular of 4 or 5 sepals 
and when petals are present they are of the same number and in- 
serted on the calyx. Stamens of same number as sepals and alter- 
nate with them. Fruit a dry berry-like drupe or a capsule. Seeds 
solitary in the cells of the drupe or capsule. 
Shrubs with axillary clusters of flowers . . . Rhamnus 
Shrubs of herbaceous appearance with terminal umbels 
Gi. MOWeLS.. a.) ms 3 a le + * Bee: 
1. RHAMNUS, L. 
Small shrubs with alternate leaves and clusters of small flowers in the 
axils. Calyx of 4 or 5 divisions, petals inconspicuous or absent. Fruit 
a berry-like drupe with from 2 to 4 hard seeds. 
Leaves toothed at borders, 
Tone and) Barrows eos) ses 6) ve er us) es, co) MRR a ecm irre 
Egg-shaped. 
Branches ‘thorny .. »« <« « »© » « « « % = ~« Ut. J GGENeNanE 
Branches without thorns... . = - + « « « « _K. almfoha 
Leaves without teeth at borders . . . . . + - - - « « eo RR. Frangula 
Leaves with remote teeth . . . 6k Nala, cs, SRR. fe, SRR eanieo pernreae 
1. R. cathartica, L. (Fig. 3, pl. 93.) Buckrnorn. Shrub with 
thorny branches, cultivated for hedges. Leaves egg-shaped or broadly 
elliptic. Flowers small, greenish, a few clustered in the axils. Calyx 
divisions 4. Stamens of like number. Berries round, black. Escaped 
from cultivation. May-June. 
2. R. lanceolata, Pursh. Lance-teavep Bucxruorn. Tall erect 
