410 VIOLACEAE 
Leaves and stems without hairs or with very few hairs. 
Rootstock short thick and erect. 
Capsule not 3-angled ot AN a a cette Re 
Capsule 3-angled . . - . . Vi septentrionalis 
Rootstock very slender, horizontal. 
Spur of flower 2/3 an; lone =") 2) Sees cle 
Spur of flower 1/12 in. long Sigs 0) on Ve npalesinin 
Leaves deeply incised, 
The middle lobe broad. 
Leaves and stem smooth or with few hairs. 
Leaves arrow-shaped_ . a ws) ke) dA oteeeneeere 
Leaves egg-shaped in outline... - « Ve notabihs 
Leaves and stem hairy. 
Leaves as broad as long. . . . . . . V. palmate 
leaves longer than ‘broad . © 5 «5. es Veeeooaee 
All lobes narrow lance-shaped. 
Flower scapes higher than the leaves . . . . . V. atlantica 
Flower scapes about equal to leaves . . . . V. pedata 
Flower scapes shorter than the leaves . . . . V. Mulfordae 
Blowers “yellows .0 Meus, da iyontner titel tee euinen ice Waperen UC lite etm aeaen O DenTeTnyerIern 
Flowers white. 
Leaves nearly or quite orbicular. 
Decidedly hairy) bys) 77.) bei ere oy st ree be) sin se, | t) to) ere I eee in ae 
Smooth’ or ‘nearly. “Soviet te sre isis bine! e\) cn) fe Se en 
Leaves ovate or oval . ah deat icy Pitehvs wate Sian eh tate ble” abieie Olam aa Pree aa 
Leaves narrow lance- shaped oh lai iter Miss fGen, scala ie) pean Gout Poems 
+. Leaves and flowers arising from stems above the rootstock 
Fiowers blue or whitish. 
Stipules not fringed or deeply incised . . . . . . . « V. canadensis 
Stipules fringed. 
Spur o7 flower shorter than the corolla. 
Flowers never creamy-white . . . . . . . V. labradorica 
Flowers varying to creamy-white . . . . . . . V. striata 
Spur as long or longer than corolla. 
Spur about as long as corolla, plant hafry . . . . . V. arenaria 
Spur longer than corolla, plant not hairy . . . . . V. rostrata 
Flowers yellow. 
Leaves halberd-shaped . . Pr Dace ede Ie. ESE 
Leaves broadly egg-shaped or nearly round. 
LE t hn Aaa ae Tana Grenson Nec et ct Pecunia: muePe ed! gL ASSAD s 
Not; haity os. 7 sie Ie, Wee, fey deduce” Sb bs ah oot ot ll to eG aia ane 
§ Leaves and flowers all from the rootstock 
Leaves not incised. Flowers blue 
1. V. cucullata, Ait. (Fig. 4, pl. 98.) Hoopep Biue VioLeT. (TV. 
obliqua, Hill.) Stems and leaves smooth or with few hairs. Rootstock 
thick and short. Early in season of bloom flower scapes are usually 
shorter than leaves, but later they usually much exceed the leaves. Leaf 
blades vary from egg-shaped to orbicular, not deeply incised but with 
coarse teeth at margins. Woods and meadows. April-June. 
2. V. septentrionalis, Greene. Nortnern Biue Vioter. Similar to 
V. cucullata, capsule of V. cucullata strongly 3-angled, that of the present 
form not angled and plant extending more northward. Extending from 
Ontario into northern New England. 
3. V. villosa, Walt. Sournern Woop Vioret. Leaves rounded or 
less frequently egg-shaped; downy, lying flat upon the ground. Petals 
bearded, blue. Only in the southern part of our area. April-May. 
4. V.sororia, Willd. (Fig. 2, pl. 98.) Wootty Biur Vioter. Root- 
stock thick, generally oblique. Leaves heart-shaped, from egg-shaped to 
orbicular, covered, as are the leaf-stalks and flower scapes, with long soft 
hairs. Dry soils, mostly in southern part of our area, April-May. 
