CARROT FAMILY 437 
which is known as the involucre, this involucre may be simple or 
divided. In several species in which no involucre is found when 
the umbel is mature some small bracts may be found at an earlier 
stage, but these fall as the umbel approaches the mature state. 
In other species while there is no whorl of bracts, involucre, at 
the base of the primary umbel, there is an involucel at the base of 
the umbellet. This involucel may be found also in connection with 
the involucre. The small corolla has 5 petals; calyx 5-toothed, 
adhering to the ovary; stamens 5; pistils 2. Fruit of 2 dry co- 
hering carpels. The fruit is usually oval or rounded but is some- 
times long and spindle-shaped and, in case of the Sanicles, the 
fruit is covered with hooked spines forming a bur-like body. 
Flowers white, or at least not yellow; seeds rounded or oval. 
Leaves not compound. 
Leaves long, narrow, with spiny teeth . . Eryngium 
heaves “round? "7.0... 2). ok, Hydrecotyle 
Leaves reduced to hollow leaf-stalks . . . Liliaeopsis 
Leaves compound. 
Involucre to main umbel present. 
The bracts dissected or at least divided. 
Leaves dissected. 
Fruit flattened, ribs bearing bristly 
Wang as are a ate et ee nass 
Fruit oval, without bristles Ptilimnium 
Bracts of the main umbel not finely divided or at 
most only toothed or ternately cleft. 
Leaves of 3 sets of trifoliate leaflets Ligusticum 
Leaves of 3 to 5 leaflets radiating from a 
Gominon) center a ia se, S Saniculs 
Leaves of stem compound, feather-formed, 
(once pinnate), 
Involucre of linear bracts . . . Sium 
Involucre of broad leaf-like bracts Berula 
Leaves compound, doubly feather-formed. 
Segments of leaflets narrowly linear Carum 
Segments somewhat broad. 
Stem: spotted...) 0.')'.. 2) Conium 
Main umbel without involucre or with few small 
bracts which fall early. 
