452 CORN ACEAE 
or rarely alternate. In all of our species the margins are entire. 
Flowers in umbel and umbel-like clusters. They have generally 
4 or 5 divisions of the calyx, which is joined to the ovary. Petals 
also 4 or 5, alternate with the calyx teeth, or they may be absent. 
Stamens equal in number with the petals when petals are present, 
and opposite to them. Style 1. Ovary surrounded by the calyx, 
which adheres to it, of 1 or 2 cells. Fruit a fleshy berry with 1 or 
2 hard woody seeds. 
tr CORNUS; L. 
Leaves opposite or in a whorl or, in a single instance in our region, 
alternate. Flowers with stamens and pistils, small, in heads or umbels. 
When in heads the group of flowers is surrounded by an involucre of 
broad white bracts which simulate petals. 
Low herbaceous appearing plants, flowers greenish . . C. canadensis 
Tree with greenish flowers in a head with 4 large petal- like bracts - C. florida 
Shrubs with umbel-like clusters of flowers, without involucre. 
leaves: “alternate” (6 w phen be. .ce dat ths ysl 1 cetron cctatesr nc, we me ComROL Leo aiaEraaEe 
Leaves opposite. 
Under surface of leaves covered with a woolly pubescence. 
Leaves nearly round . . C. circinata 
Leaves oval or nearly lance- shaped, fruit blue . C. Amonum 
Leaves oval, the upper surface and the young branches 
rough, fruit white . . C. asperifolia 
Under surface of leaves smooth or with fine silky hairs. : 
Young twigs red or bright Purple 6 os “et ise *s (Gs estolorera 
Young twigs gray . . ai LS oe wen, ber BGS poniciaee 
1. C. canadensis, L. (Fig. 4, pl. 112.) Buncn Berry. Dwarr 
CorneL. A low herbaceous plant, woody only at the base. Leaves in a 
whorl toward the summit of the stem with a pair or two pairs of small 
opposite leaves below. The bracts of the involucre, resembling broad 
petals are white and 4 in number. The real flowers are in the head, en- 
closed by three bracts and are green. In fruit the plant bears a rounded 
cluster of bright red berries. In damp woods, common. May-July. 
2. C. florida, L. (Fig. 2, pl. 112.) FLowrrrna Docwoop. A slender 
tree, with spreading branches, with opposite broadly egg-shaped leaves 
without teeth at the margins and with tapering pointed tips. Flowers 
greenish-yellow in a crowded head which is surrounded by the 4 large 
and conspicuous white bracts of the involucre. In woods, generally dis- 
tributed. April-June. 
3. C. alternifolia, L. (Fig. 6, pl. 112.) ALTERNATE-LEAVED Doa- 
woop. Small tree or shrub, with alternate leaves which are oval with 
narrow pointed tips on slender leaf-stalks; the young twigs bright red- 
dish-purple. Branches warty. Flowers white or cream color in umbel- 
like clusters. Fruit globular, blue when ripe. Woods, common. May- 
July. 
4. C. circinata, L’Her. (Fig. 3, pl. 112.) Rounp-LEAvep DoGwoop. 
Shrub, with opposite leaves which are broadly oval, nearly round, the tip 
narrowed to a point, silky white beneath slightly downy above, 2 to 6 
in. long. Branches warty. Flowers white in dense umbel-like clusters. 
Fruit globular, light blue. Shady places, common, May-June. 
5. C. Amonum, Mill. (Fig. 7, pl. 112.) Smxy Doewoop. (0. 
