492 GENTIANACEAE 
high. Leaves 2 to 5 in. long, broad at the rounded base, tapering to a 
sharp point, smooth at margins. Flowers bunched at top of stem with 
one or more in upper axils. Calyx tubular, the lobes short, triangular. 
Corolla funnel-formed, 5 lobes and 5 appendages. Color, yellow or green- 
ish-white. Moist soil, occasional in most of our area. Aug.-Oct. 
4. FRASERA, Walt. 
Tall showy herbs, bearing opposite or whorled leaves. Stem mostly 
simple; flowers in terminal spreading clusters. Calyx, a shallow tube and 
4 narrow sepals. Corolla 4-lobed, spreading; stamens 4, inserted at base 
of the corolla tube. Capsule oval, flattened, few seeded. 
F. caroliniensis, Walt. AMERICAN CoLtuMBo. Stem stout, 3 to 8 ft. 
high; leaves mostly in whorls of 4, oblong or lance-shaped, the lower 
spatula-formed, 3 to 6 in. long. Flower cluster pyramidal; corolla about 
1 in. broad, greenish-yellow with brown purple dots. Rich soil, western 
section of our area. June-Aug. 
5. HALENIA, Borkh. (Tetragonanthus, Kuntze) 
Small herbs, usually growing in tufts; leaves opposite; flowers terminal 
and in the upper leaf-axils. Tube of calyx shallow, lobes narrow and long; 
corolla of 4 lobes, each lobe with a hollow spur projecting below; stamens 
4 or 5; ovary 1-celled, many seeded. 
H. deflexa, (J. E. Smith) Griseb. (Fig. 11, pl. 122.) Spurrep GeEn- 
TIAN. Stem simple or branched above, 4 to 14 ft. high; leaves oval or 
egg-shaped, sharp pointed at apex, 3- to 5-nerved, 1 to 2 in. long, Flowers 
purplish or white, bell-shaped, the spurs cylindric, + to 4 as long as the 
4-lobed corolla. Damp woods, most of our area. July-Aug. 
6. OBOLARIA, L. 
A low perennial plant, purplish-green with a simple or branched stem 
and opposite fleshy scales which occupy the place of leaves. Flowers 
axillary and terminal, the 2 divisions of the calyx leaf-like. Corolla 
4-cleft; stamens 4, inserted at the sinuses of the corolla. Capsule ovoid; 
seeds numerous, 
O. virginica, L. (Fig. 8, pl. 122.) Pennywort. Root and stem 
fleshy, stem 3 to 6 in. high. Stem leaves scale-like, those among the 
flowers about 4 in. long, purplish, triangular, broad at the apex, narrowed 
and extending down the stem at base. Flowers about 4 in. long, pale 
purple or whitish, longer than the 4 stamens. Southern part of our area. 
April-May. 
7. BARTONIA, Muhl. 
Small slender herbs, with simple stems or with few branches, and with 
opposite leaves, which are reduced to awl-shaped scales; some of these 
scales may be alternately arranged. Flowers small, white or yellow, ar- 
ranged in slender upright clusters. Calyx 4-parted; corolla 4-lobed, bell- 
shaped; stamens 4, short. Capsule oval or oblong, flattened and pointed 
with the persistent style. Seeds numerous. 
1. B. virginica, (L.) BSP. (Fig. 9, pl. 122.) YeEtrLow BARTonta. 
Stem thread-like, 4 to 12 in. high, 5-angled; scales about 1/10 in. long; 
