BUCKBEAN FAMILY 493 
flowers opposite, yellow, from 2 to several pairs, less than } in. long, 
Moist soil, most of our area. July-Sept. 
2. B.iodandra, Robinson. PurptisH BartontA. Stem 2 to 8 in. 
high, simple or alternately branched. Scales alternate. Corolla dis- 
tinctly purplish, about twice as long as the calyx. In sphagnum, New 
Jersey, northward. 
3. B. paniculata, (Michx.) Robinson. PAanicLep Barronia. Slen- 
der, 8 to 16 in, high. Stem beset by scales in place of leaves, these often 
alternate. Flowers yellowish or greenish-white. Wet woods and swamps, 
Mass., southward. Aug.-Oct. 
Famity 1V.—MENYANTHACEAE. Boucksean FAMILY 
Perennial herbs, growing in marshes. Root-stock stem-like. 
An aerial stem absent, the long leaf-stalks arising from the root- 
stock as does also the flower-bearing scape. Flowers in clusters, 
regular, bearing both stamens and pistils. Calyx 5-cleft; corolla 
5-lobed; stamens 5, arising between the lobes of the corolla. Fruit 
a capsule. 
1. MENYANTHES, L. 
Leaves 3-foliate on long leaf-stalks arising from the root-stock; leaflets 
oval or pear-shaped, each about 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers borne on a tall 
seape forming a cylindric cluster consisting of from 10 to 20 tubular 
purple flowers, the corolla lobes triangular, spreading, the tube and lobes 
bearded with white hairs. Stamens shorter than the corolla; capsule 
egg-shaped, tipped by the permanent style. 
M. trifoliata, L. (Fig. 10, pl. 122.) Buckspean. A beautiful plant 
found in sphagnous bogs. May-June. 
2. LIMNANTHEMUM, S. G. Gmelin. (Nymphoides, (Tourn.) 
Hill 
Leaves floating, the leaf-stalks arising from the root-stock which is 
buried in mud. The leaf is broadly oblong or nearly orbicular, with a 
deep sinus and with leaf-stalk from 1 to 10 ft. long, from the summit of 
which arise, the leaf, which is small in proportion to the length of the 
leaf-stalk (1 to 2 in. long), an umbel of small white flowers and a cluster 
of narrow tubers each of which may produce a new plant. Primary leaves 
submersed, without flowers or tubers. 
1. L. lacunosum, (Vent.) Griseb. (Fig. 12, pl. 122.) FLoatine 
Heart. Found in ponds. Flowers white, leaves 1 to 2 in. long. July- 
Aug. 
2. L. aquaticum, (Walt.) Britton. Larce Froatina Heart. The 
plant is stouter, the sinus shallow and leaves 2 to 6 in. long. Southern 
part of our area. May-Aug. 
Famitry V.—APOCYNACEAE. Docpanrt FAMILY 
Plants, all of which in our region, have acrid milky juice. Leaves 
sometimes alternate but generally opposite. Flowers regular; 
