BORAGE FAMILY 511 
H. europaeum, L. (Fig. 8, pl. 127.) European Hetiotropr. Much 
branched, 4 to 14 ft. high. Leaves oval, apex obtuse; the whole plant 
rough hairy. Flowers white in terminal curved spikes. Naturalized from 
Europe. In southern part of our area. June-Oct. 
2. CYNOGLOSSUM, L. 
Mostly rough hairy tall herbs. Leaves alternate, with smooth mar- 
gins, the lower with long leaf-stalks. Flowers in curved clusters; corolla 
funnel- or salver-form with short tube, throat closed by 5 scales. Calyx 
5-parted. Ovary deeply 4-lobed, the lobes spreading and covered with 
* short barbed prickles. 
1. C. officinale, L. (Fig. 4, pl. 127.) Hounp’s Toneur. Gipsy 
FLower. Stem 14 to 3 ft. high, usually branched, downy, leafy to the top. 
Lower leaves narrow-oblong, 4 to 1 in. long, upper lance-shaped without 
leaf-stalks. Flowers in terminal curved clusters in which there are ro 
leafy bracts. Corolla dull purple. Plant with an unpleasant odor. In 
fields and waste places. May-Sept. 
2. C. virginianum, L. Witp Comrrey. Plant much larger than No. 
1, 14 to 23 ft. high, and leaves broader and longer, 4 to 12 in. long, ob- 
tuse at apex. Leafless above, leaves below oblong. Flowers blue. Woods. 
April-May. 
3. LAPPULA, Moench. (Echinospermum, Sw.) 
Herbs, mostly rough hairy. Leaves alternate, margins entire. Flowers 
in long, somewhat curved and more or less one-sided spikes, with leafy 
bracts among the flowers. Nutlets erect or curving with barbed prickles 
on the bank . 
1. L. echinata, Gilibert. (Fig. 6, pl. 127.) European STICKSEED. 
(L. Lappula, Karst.) Whole plant hairy, branching, 1 to 2 ft. high. 
Leaves lance-shaped to linear, without leaf-stalks. Flowers in long and 
slender spike, scattered, with a bract below each flower. Nutlets with 
prickles in 2 rows. Waste places. May-Sept. 
2. L. virginiana, (L.) Greene. (Fig. 5, pl. 127.) Virernta StTIcK- 
SEED. Plant downy, 2 to 4 ft. high. Leaves broadly oval, the lower, 3 
to 8 in. long and sometimes nearly round. Flowers in slender spikes, 
several from the main stem, bracted only at the base of the spikes. 
Flowers white or purplish-white. Dry woods and thickets, Maine and 
southward. June-Sept. 
4. PNEUMARIA, Hill. (Pulmonaria, L. Mertensia, S. F. Gray) 
A fleshy, smooth, diffusely-branching herb, with alternate leaves, en- 
tire at margins and with small blue-purple or pinkish flower in loose 
terminal, leafy clusters. Corolla tubular, crested in throat, 5-lobed. 
Ovary 4-lobed, rounded; style 1. Nutlets fleshy not armed with prickles. 
P. maritima, (L.) Hill. (Fig. 7, pl. 127.) Sea Luneawort. OYSTER 
PLANT. Branches spreading 3 to 15 in. long, pale green. Leaves thick, 
fleshy, egg-shaped, oblong or pear-shaped, obtuse at apex. Flowers blue 
or purple. Sandy sea shores, rare, Long Island, Mass., and northward. 
May-Sept. 
