518 VERBENACEAE 
Famity I.—VERBENACEAE. VervAIN FAMILY 
American species, herbs, rarely shrubs, with opposite or whorled 
leaves. Corolla of our species 4- or 5-lobed, generally regular or 
more or less 2-lipped, generally with a cylindric tube and spread- 
ing 4- or 5-lobed border. Stamens attached to corolla tube gen- 
erally not the same number as the corolla lobes, often 4, 2 of which 
are longer than the other 2. Sometimes there are 2 stamens and 
in other cases 5, alternate with the corolla lobes. Pistil simple 
with one or two caps (stigmas). Ovary superior to the calyx and 
corolla; the fruit composed of 2 nutlets (carpels) which at ma- 
turity split into 4. 
1. VERBENA, L. 
American species, herbs. Leaves opposite or in whorls, with notched 
or deeply incised borders. Flowers in slender spikes; corolla usually 
slightly 2-lipped, 5-lobed border and with a curved or straight tube. 
Stamens 4; 2 long, 2 shorter, rarely 2 only. Ovary 4-celled with a single 
ovule in each cell. Fruit at first a single nutlet, which at length divides 
into 4, each 1-seeded. 
Flowers blue or purple. 
Margins of leaves deeply incised . . .- . . . -. . . +. Vz officinalis 
Margins of leaves notched, 
Leaves egg-shaped . ow & @ to eo 67S i i oe 
Leaves obversely lance- shaped cy ns: Me, oie Bie “icy Gell fed. Weal COUR RSS rere 
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1. V.hastata, L. (Fig. 5, pl. 129.) Brug Vervain. Perennial, 
rather rough; stems erect, slightly branching; leaves opposite, broad 
lance-shaped or egg-shaped with coarse teeth at margins. Flowers dark 
blue in slender spikes, several of which at summit of stem form a more 
or less pyramidal outline. Low wet grounds, throughout our region. 
June-Sept. 
2. V. officinalis, L. (Fig. 7, pl. 129.) European Vervain. Flowers 
on slender spikes similar to those of No. 1, but spikes few. Leaves deeply 
incised. Otherwise quite similar to No. 1. Moist grounds, generally 
distributed. June-Sept. 
3. V. angustifolia, Michx. (Fig. 6, pl. 129.) NARROW-LEAVED VER- 
VAIN. Spike of purple flowers usually solitary. Leaves narrow, linear, 
broadest toward apex, the margin toward apex, notched. Dry fields, 
Mass., southward. June-Aug. 
4. V. urticifolia, L. (Fig. 4, pl. 129.) Wuire Vervarn. General 
aspect of plant similar to No. 1, but flowers white. Waste places, through- 
out our region. June-Sept. 
2a. LIPPIA, L. 
Herbs and shrubs. Leaves opposite or in whorls, rarely alternate. 
Flowers small, each attended by a bract, in compact heads or spikes. 
Calyx small, membraneous, 2- to 4-cleft; corolla 2-lipped with 4 lobes, 
the lower one often partly divided. Stamens 4, of different lengths. 
