586 RUBIACEAE 
axils, each 1- to 3-flowered, the fruit covered with hooked hairs. Wet 
thickets and various localities. Our area. May-Sept. 
6. G. pilosum, Ait. (Fig. 5, pl. 151.) Harry Bepstraw. Stem 1 to 
24 ft. long, whole plant hairy. Leaves in 4s, oval, about 1 in. long. 
Flowers axillary and terminal, dull purple to yellowish purple. Dry sandy 
soil, eastern Mass., and southward and westward. June-Aug. 
7. G.lanceolatum, Torr. (Fig. 9, pl. 151.) Torry’s Wi~p Liquo- 
RICE. Plant smooth or nearly so, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves in 4s, lance- 
shaped, tapering to the apex, 2 in. Jong, 1/4 to 1/3 as wide. Flowers not 
hairy, yellowish to dull purple. Flower stems rather long with few 
flowers. Dry woods. Our region. June-Aug. 
8. G. circaezans, Michx. (Fig. 11, pl. 151.) Cross CLEAvERS. Stem 
1 to 2 ft. high, smooth or slightly downy. Leaves in 4s, broadly oval to 
lance-shaped, 1 to 14 in. long, usually obtuse at apex, 3-nerved. Flowers 
in axillary and terminal diffuse clusters, the common flower stem much 
longer than the leaves, dividing into 2 or 3 lesser stems, each bearing 
usually, 2 flowers which are greenish white, the corolla hairy outside. 
Woods, our region. May-July. 
9. G. kamtschaticum, Steller, (Fig. 3, pl. 152.) Norruern WILD 
Liquorice. Stem weak, 4 to 15 in. long. Leaves in 4s, nearly round or 
broadly oval, the lower 14 in. long, smooth or slightly downy. Flowers on 
long slender common flower stems which divide into 3 branches, each of 
which is usually once forked. Corolla yellowish white, not hairy. Moun- 
tains, New England and New York. June-Sept. 
10. G. boreale, L. (Fig. 6, pl. 151.) NorrHern Bepstraw. Erect, 
smooth, 1 to 2 ft. high, scarcely branching. Leaves in 4s, smooth, linear, 
lance-shaped, 3-nerved, obtuse at apex, or less frequently acute, 1 to 14 
in. long. Flowers in dense, many-flowered terminal pyramidal clusters, 
white. Fruit covered with hooked hairs. Along streams, rocky places. 
May-Aug. 
1l. G. triflorum, Michx. (Fig. 7, pl. 151.) FRAGRANT BEDSTRAW. 
Stem 1 to 3 ft. high, weak, smooth or bristly on angles. Leaves in 6s, 
narrowly oval or elliptic-lanceolate, bristle-pointed, 1 to 2 in. long, 1-veined. 
Flowers not numerous, on long common leaf-stems, each 3-flowered. Fruit 
covered with hooked hairs. Rich woods. Our area. June-Aug. 
12. G. latifolium, Michx. (Fig. 8, pl. 151.) Purpre Bepstraw. 
Stem smooth, 1 to 2 ft. high, erect, branched. Leaves in 4s, lance-shaped, 
3-nerved, very sharp pointed at apex, rounded at base, 1 to 2 in. long, 
common flower stems usually shorter than the leaves, usually more than 
onee forked. Flowers purple. Dry woods in southern part of our area. 
May-Aug. 
13. G. tinctorium, L. (Fig. 10, pl. 151.) Witp Mapper. Stem 
erect, stiff, 6 to 15 in. high, branching, several times forked. Leaves in 
4s, linear, 4 to 1 in. long, 1l-nerved. Flowers terminal in diffuse clusters, 
2 or 3 in a lesser group. Corolla rather large, white. Fruit smooth. 
Damp shady places, throughout our area, May-July. 
14. G. trifidum, L. (Fig. 1, pl. 152.) Smarn Bepstraw. Stems 
weak, 4 to 14 ft. high, branching, mostly rough on the angles. Leaves 
in whorls of 4s, rarely in 6s, linear, ¢ in, long. Flowers in terminal very 
