592 CAPRIFOLIACEAE 
5. V. pubescens, (Ait.) Pursh. (Fig. 1, pl. 154.) Dovusre-Leavep 
ArRow-woop, A small shrub, .much resembling the last, but the leaves 
are egg-shaped, not 3-lobed, with very short leaf-stalks if any, and the 
under surface of the leaf densely velvety. Rocky woods. May-June. 
6. V.dentatum, L. (Fig. 2, pl. 153.) Arrow-woop. Shrub, 5 to 
15 ft. high, with smooth, slender gray branches. Leaves egg-shaped, with 
very coarse teeth, not hairy. Flowers numerous in a flat cluster. Fruit 
dark blue. Wet places, throughout our area. May-June. 
7. V.venosum, Britton. (Fig. 7, pl. 154.) Coast Arrow-woon. 
Similar to V. dentatum. The twigs and lower surfaces of the leaves densely 
downy. Eastern Massachusetts to New Jersey. 
8. V-. cassinoides, L. (Fig. 3, pl. 154.) Wutrne-rop. Shrub, 2 to 12 
ft. high. Leaves oval or egg-shaped, with very small teeth. Flowers 
numerous in a broad, flat or convex cluster, which spreads from an 
elongated, slender flower-stem which is, however, shorter than the breadth 
of the cluster. Fruit becoming dark blue. Swamps, wet places, Maine to 
New Jersey. June-July. 
9% V.nudum, L. (Fig. 5, pl. 154.) Larcer Wirne-rop. Similar 
to the last, but borders of leaves nearly or quite without teeth and leaves 
smaller. The flower stem is as long as or longer than the breadth of the 
cluster. Swamps, Long Island and southward. June-July. 
10. V. Lentago, L. (Fig. 2, pl. 154.) Swrer Visurnum. Shrub or 
small tree. Leaves oval or egg-shaped, tapering to a long slender point, 
2 to 4 in. long, smooth, with fine teeth at the margins. Flowers in a 
large convex cluster, the cluster branching from the base without the 
single flower stem. Rich soil, Maine to New Jersey. May. 
ll. V. prunifolium, L. (Fig. 3, pl. 153.) Brack Haw. Shrub or 
small tree. Leaves shining, oval or egg-shaped, with finely serrate mar- 
gins, blunt at apex. Flowers in a convex cluster without a common 
flower stem or with a short one. Dry soil, Connecticut and westward and 
southward. April-June. 
3. TRIOSTEUM, L. 
Coarse herbs, with opposite leaves which unite about the stem or which, 
at least, have no leaf-stalks. Flowers from the axils of the leaves. The 
5 calyx lobes linear or lance-shaped. Corolla tubular, enlarging toward 
the throat, 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovary 3- to 5-celled with a single ovule 
in each cell, forming a drupe containing 3 to 5 hard seeds or nutlets. 
1. T. angustifolium, L. (Fig. 1, pl. 155.) YeLtLow Horse GENTIAN. 
Stem 1 to 3 ft. high, leafy toward the top. Leaves lance-shaped, tapering 
to the base into an apparent leaf-stalk. Flowers clustered in the axils 
or single, greenish-cream-color. Rich soil, Long Island, Conn., and south- 
ward. May-Aug. 
2. T. perfoliatum, L. Horse Gentian. Ficworr. Plant 2 to 4 ft. 
high. Leaves broadly oval or egg-shaped, 4 to 9 in. long, the borders 
extending along the leaf-stalk as a broad wing on each side, which partly 
or wholly clasp the stem. Flowers at the axils, the bracts linear. Co- 
rolla purplish brown. Not common, found in rich woods, Mass., and 
westward. Aug.-Sept. 
