606 CAMPANULACEAE 
regular, bell-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, not combined. Style 1. Cap- 
sule 2 to several cells, usually crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes. 
Flowers usually showy, blue. 
Stems smooth or without stiff hooked hairs. 
Flowers in a loose cluster, basal leaves round . . . . C. rotundifolia 
Flowers in one-sided spikes, not leafy . . . . . . . C. rapunculoides 
Flowers in a leafy spike . - « C. americana 
Flowers mostly in a glomerate * cluster at summit ‘of ‘stem - . C. glomerata 
Stems rough with stiff hooked hairs . . . - « « « €, aparinodes 
l. C. rotundifolia, L. (Fig. 2, pl. 159.) Here BELL. BLuE BELLS 
OF SCOTLAND. Stem very slender, 4 to 2 ft. high. Lower leaves round, 
with rounded teeth at the margins. These leaves are usually absent at 
flowering time. Stem leaves linear or oblong, more or less indented. 
Flowers generally several, nodding, bell-shaped, blue. Moist rocky places, 
throughout our range. June-Sept. 
2. C. rapunculoides, L. (Fig. 1, pl. 159.) Creepinc BELLFLOWER. 
Stem 1 to 3 ft. high, branching or simple. Leaves egg-shaped, hairy. 
Flowers bell-shaped, blue, in a one-sided spike, the flowers crowded. Road- 
sides. Naturalized in many places. July-Sept. 
3. C. glomerata, L. CLUSTERED BELLFLOWER. Stem 1 to 2 ft. high, 
usually simple. Leaves and stem hairy, the lower oblong, elliptic or less 
frequently egg-shaped, generally om long, sometimes on very long (3 to 
5 in.) leaf-stalks. The upper leaves lance-shaped. Flowers mostly in a 
terminal rather dense flattened cluster, blue. Naturalized, found along 
roadsides, eastern Mass. June-Aug. 
4. C. aparinoides, Pursh. (Fig. 3, pl. 159.) MaArsH BELLFLOWER. 
Stem very weak, almost vine-like, 4 to 2 ft. high, clinging by its hooked 
hairs to grasses and weeds, branching above, triangular. ‘Leaves lance- 
shaped or linear. Flowers in a diffuse terminal cluster, small, bell-shaped, 
blue or nearly white. In wet meadows, leaning on grasses or water plants. 
June-Aug. 
5. C. americana, L. (Fig. 4, pl. 159.) Tati Bettrtower. Erect, 
tall, 2 to 6 ft. high. Leaves broad lance-shaped, 3 to 6 in. long. Flowers 
in a leafy spike. Copses or woods. July-Sept. 
SPECULARIA, Heister. (Legouzia, Durand) 
Annual herbs, with slender stem and branches, alternate leaves and blue 
or purplish flowers arising from the leaf-axils. In some species the earlier 
flowers are fertilized without the opening of the flower, the later ones are 
wheel-shaped. Calyx 5- (or 3- or 4-) lobed, the tube narrow. From a 
short, narrow tube the 5 conspicuous lobes of the corolla spread wheel- 
shaped. Stamens 5, not united at the top; the style bearing 3 stigmas. 
Capsule 3-celled, prismatic or oblong. 
S. perfoliata, DC. (Tig. 5, pl. 159.) Venus’s Looxina-arass. Plant 
hairy, 3 to 20 in. high, densely leafy. Leaves round or broadly egg- 
shaped, notched at margins, clasping the stem by the heart-shaped base, 
or the lowest not elasping. Flowers arising in the leaf-axils and partly 
enclosed by the leaves, 1 to 3 in a group, the blue star-shaped corolla 4 to 
4 in. broad. Dry open ground or in woods. May-Aug. 
