610 CICHORIACEAE 
diffuse clusters, following the slender branches, on very slender flower 
stems, which are not as long as the linear leaf-bract at the base of the 
flower-stem but as long as the flower. Wet places, Maine to New Jersey 
and westward. July-Sept. 
8 L. Nuttallii, Roem and Schult. (Fig. 9, pl. 160.) NurrTaty’s 
LopeLiA. Stem 1 to 2 ft. high, weak, often reclining. Leaves spatula- 
formed to oval, blunt at apex, the upper linear. Flowers blue, in diffuse 
clusters, on flower-stems shorter than the flowers. Swamps, New Jersey 
and westward. June-Sept. 
9. L. Canbyi, Gray. (Fig. 2, pl. 160.) Cansy’s Lospetia. Stem 
slender, simple or branched above, 2 to 3 ft. high. Leaves all linear. 
Flowers in slender spikes on flower-stems shorter than the flowers. Co- 
rolla blue, 4 in. long, bearded in the throat. Wet places, New Jersey and 
southward. July-Sept. 
10. L. paludosa, Nutt. (Fig. 6, pl. 160.) Swamp LoperiA. Aquatic, 
with few leaves on the stem. Root leaves spatula-form, stem leaves 
linear. Stem 1 to 4 ft. high. Flowers pale blue. Delaware and south. 
May-July. 
Famizty III.—CICHORIACEAER. Cutcory FAMILY 
This family includes a part of that large group of plants whose 
flowers are known as Composite. They are grouped in heads upon 
a receptacle, which is the expanded end of the stem, upon which 
they are more or less densely crowded. The individual flowers 
are never possessed of all the details which we are accustomed to 
associate with a typical flower, yet each of the elements of the 
flower may in fact be present. In the case of the present family 
the receptacle is flat or nearly so, its surface naked or scaly or 
studded with stiff hairs or marked with small pits. The separate 
flowers are always perfect, i. e., each has stamens and pistils, and 
further, each has a corolla consisting of a tube and a ray upon 
one side only, the ray being 5-toothed. Owing to the shape of 
this ray it is said to be ligulate or strap-like. All the flowers in 
the head are ligulate. The calyx for the individual flowers is less 
uniform. It may consist of an aigrette of stiff hairs, which may 
be plumed or not, it may consist of low scales or even these scales 
may be absent. The plants are herbs (in our country) usually 
with a milky or acrid juice, with leaves all basal or scattered on 
the stem. Underlying and partly surrounding the head of flowers 
is a circle of leafy bracts, in a single row or in more than one row, 
called the involucre. In this family the rows of bracts are 
usually several, but there may be but one. The fruit is a small, 
dry 1-celled, achene, from the apex of which arise the hairy or 
scale-like calyx and the corolla as well as the stamens and pistil. 
Example, the seed and plume of the dandelion, 
