614 CICHORIACEAE 
5. LAPSANA, L. 
Annual herb, with alternate leaves which are long, egg-shaped and 
thinly hairy. Margins with large angular or rounded teeth, the lower 
leaves somewhat feather-formed and the leaf-stalks of the larger leaves 
with large angular teeth near the leaf. Heads of flowers yellow in a 
loose irregular cluster. Involucre nearly cylindric, its bracts in a single 
series. 
L. communis, L. (Fig. 7, pl. 161.) Succory Dock-cress. Stem 1 
to 33 ft. high, somewhat hairy below, smooth above. Apex of leaves ob- 
tuse, the upper leaves without leaf-stalks, lance-shaped. Heads numerous, 
about 1 in. broad. Waste places in most of our area. June-Sept. 
6. LEONTODON, L. 
Herbs, with deeply lobed basal leaves and flower scapes naked except 
for a few small scales. Involucre of a number of bracts, the principal 
being in 1 or 2 series with a few or no short ones in an outer series. 
Fruit contracting into a short column or none. Pappus plumose, arising 
directly from the fruit in our species. 
1. L. autumnale, L. (Fig. 8, pl. 161.) Autumn Hawxsit. Tati 
DANDELION. Plant smooth. Leaves lance-shaped, lobed. Involucre nearly 
cylindric. Scape 6 to 24 in. high. Heads one or several from the same 
scape. Flowers yellow. Fields and roadsides, our area. June-Noy. 
2. L. nudicaule, (L.) Porter. (Fig. 3, pl. 161.) RoucH HAwspir. 
Leaves not deeply lobed, often nearly entire, quite hairy. One head only 
on the scape. Flowers yellow. Waste places, eastern seaports and oc- 
easional in Penna. June-Oct. 
7. PICRIS; 1. 
Coarse, leafy branching herbs, covered with stiff hairs. Leaves on the 
stem alternate with a cluster of leaves at base. Flowers in diffuse clus- 
ters at top of stem, yellow. Involucre of a row of bracts and one or two 
outer rows which may be shorter than the inner row or much larger and 
longer. Fruit cylindric with plumose pappus. 
l. P. hieracioides, L. (Fig. 7, pl. 164.) HAwkwWerep PIcris. 
Branched, 1 to 3 ft. high, with many rather large yellow flowers. Leaves 
lance-shaped or broad, the upper clasping the stem, margins wavy or 
irregularly toothed. Outer bracts of the involucre linear. Fruit oblong 
eylindrie with the aigrette arising directly or nearly so from the summit. 
Waste places, southern section of our area. June-Sept. 
2. P.echioides, L. (Fig. 8, pl. 164.) Bristry Ox-Toncur. Stem 
and leaves very hairy with stiff hairs. Plant about 24 ft. high. Lower 
leaves spatula-formed, irregularly toothed. Heads numerous. Inner 
bracts of the involucre linear, the outer 4 or 5, broad, leaf-like, hairy. 
Aigrette arising from a column above the fruit. Waste places, eastern 
seaports. July-Sept. 
8. TRAGOPOGON, L. 
Herbs, biennial or perennial, branching herbs, with alternate linear, en- 
tire, leaves which clasp the stem at the base. Heads of purple or yellow 
