640 COMPOSITAE 
1 to 4 ft. high, smooth, branched. Leaves opposife on long, slender leaf- 
stalks, egg-shaped, toothed. Flowers conspicuously white. Rich woods, 
throughout our range. July-Nov. 
14. E. aromaticum, L. (Fig. 9, pl. 171.) Wuire Snaxeroot. Stem 
simple below, branched above, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves opposite, on very 
short leaf-stalks, egg-shaped, toothed at margins. Flowers white. Plant 
not aromatic. Dry soil, Mass., and southward. Aug.-Oct. 
15. E. coelestinum, L. (Fig. 10, pl. 171.) Mist Frower. Stem 1 to 
3 ft. high, branched above, downy. Leaves opposite, egg-shaped to nearly 
triangular on short leaf-stalks. Flowers blue. Moist soil, southern part 
of our area. Aug.-Oct. 
5. MIKANIA, Willd. (Willughbaeya, Neck.) 
Our only species a twining vine with opposite leaves and flowers in 
heads, all tubular, resembling Hupatorium. Heads 4-flowered, flowers 
white. Receptacle naked. Anthers not tailed. Involucre of 4 narrow 
bracts. Style branches about as long as the tubular flower. Aigrette of 
numerous hair-like bristles. 
M. scandens, Willd. (Fig. 1, pl. 172.) Ctimpine BonEseT. Smooth, 
twining over bushes, 5 to 15 ft. long. Leaves opposite, broad heart-shaped 
at base, tapering to slender point at apex, on leaf-stem half as long as the 
blade. Swamps, moist soil. July-Sept. 
6. KUHNIA, L. 
Resembles Hupatorium, but leaves are alternate. Heads of flowers with 
out ray flowers, all flowers being tubular, white or purplish, the heads in 
diffuse clusters. Involucre of several series of bracts, overlapping. Anthers 
not tailed; style branches slender, not hairy. Aigrette a single row of 
plumose bristles. 
K. eupatorioides, L. (Fig. 2, pl. 172.) Fatsr Boneser. Stem erect, 
branching above, 1 to 3 ft. high. Leaves narrowly lance-shaped with low 
notches at margins. Heads of flowers numerous, cylindric, the flowers 
white. Dry soil, southern section of our area. Aug.-Sept. 
7. LIATRIS, Schreb. (Lacinaria, Hill.) 
Perennial herbs, arising from a rounded tuber, with narrow, lance- 
shaped, alternate leaves and with heads of flowers (in our species) in 
narrow spikes. Flowers all tubular, purple, in rounded heads. Seales 
of the involucre overlapping, in several series. Receptacle flat or con- 
cave, naked. Aigrette of numerous bristles which are feathery or simple. 
1. L. scariosa, (L.) Hill. (Fig. 4, pl. 172.) Burron Snaxkerroor. 
Resembles No. 1, but scales of involucre are rounded at apex in several 
overlapping series. Flower heads with many purple flowers. Dry soil, 
throughout our area. Aug.-Sept. 
2. L. spicata, (L.) Kuntze. (Fig. 3, pl. 172.) Dense Burton 
SNAKEROOoT. Stem 2 to 6 ft. high, simple. Leaves narrow, linear. Flowers 
densely crowded on the spike, each head having from 5 to 15 blue-purple 
flowers. Moist soil, Mass., westward and southward. Aug.-Oct. 
