656 COMPOSITAE 
or more frequently bluish-lavender to violet, 10 to 163 in. long. Scales 
of the involucre conspicuously green tipped. Disk turning from yellow 
to reddish brown. Dry soil. Common. August. 
The following 5 forms, regarded as varieties of A. macrophyllus by Robinson and 
Fernald, are considered species by Burgess 
9. A. roscidus, Burgess, DeEwy-LeavepD ASTER. In general appearance similar 
to No. 8. Leaves and stem clammy, with glandular hairs, which are odorous. Rays 
14 to 16, violet. Disk golden yellow, turning red. Maine to Pennsylvania. 
ro. A. ianthinus, Burgess. Viotet Woop Aster. Rays 12 to 15, deep violet 
or pale, Lower leaves broader than those of No. 8, and leaves in the inflorescence 
cluster and below less conspicuous. Maine and westward. 
11. A. violaris, Burgess. VrioteT-LEAF Aster. Lower leaves kidney-shaped, 
teeth large and sharp, sinus at base shallow, Jeaf-stalk sometimes 6 or 8 in. long. 
Leaves conspicuous in the inflorescence. Flower cluster nearly flat-topped. Shady 
places, New York, Sept.-Oct. 
12, A. multiformis, Burgess. Vartous-Leavep Aster. Basal leaves usually 2, 
large, heart-shaped. Stem leaves rough above. Rays 13, type of No. 8 Maine to 
Western New York, Pennsylvania and southward. 
13. A. nobilis, Burgess. Statety Aster. Stem bright green, shining, 4 to 5 
ft. high. Leaves as in No. 8, smooth above, minutely downy beneath. Basal leaves 
sometimes as much as 9 in. long, 2/3 as wide. Rays 13 to 15, violet blue. Lake 
Champlain and westward. 
14. A. cordifolius, L. (Fig. 2, pl. 179.) Common Biur Woop ASTER. 
Stem 1 to 5 ft. high, much branched above, the spreading branches bear- 
ing very numerous heads in pyramidal sub-clusters, the main cluster oc- 
cupying the whole of the upper part of the plant. Lower leaves all egg- 
shaped, heart-shaped at base, on long Jeaf-stalks, tapering to a slender 
point at apex, conspicuously and sharply toothed at margins. Upper 
leaves on short leaf-stalks or none, egg-shaped or lance-shaped. Flower 
heads rather small, % in. broad, the rays (10 to 20) violet or blue, rarely 
white. Bracts of the involucre green tipped, not spreading, oblong-linear, 
obtuse, the ranks closely appressed. Woodlands, very common. Sept.- 
Dee. 
15. A. Lowrieanus, Porter. (Fig. 5, pl. 178.) Lowrrr’s ASstTEr. 
Resembles No. 14, leaves rather thicker, and somewhat succulent; leaf- 
stalks winged. Heads not very numerous. Rays light blue. Conn., south- 
ern New York, and southward. 
16. A. Lindleyanus, Torr. and Gray. (Fig. 6, pl. 178.) LinpLry’s 
AstTeR. Stout, 1 to 2 ft. high, smooth or slightly downy. Lower leaves 
egg-shaped, somewhat heart-shaped, on slender leaf-stalks, the upper 
leaves without leaf-stalks, tapering at each end. Flower heads larger 
than A. cordifolius, usually not very numerous. Bracts of involucre linear, 
rather loosely overlapping, tips green. Rays pale violet. Open places, 
northern part of our area. Aug.-Oct. 
17. A. sagittifolius, Willd. (Fig. 4, pl. 178.) ARRow-LEAVED ASTER, 
Stem slender, erect, rigid, smooth, 2 to 5 ft. high. Lower leaves egg- 
shaped or lance-shaped, with heart- or arrow-shaped base on winged leaf- 
stalks; upper leaves lance-shaped or linear without leaf-stalks, tapering 
at each end; nearly all leaves with toothed margins. Heads in an elon- 
gated cluster; rays 10 to 15, light blue; white in var. wrophyllus, invo- 
lucre bracts linear tapering into awl-shaped loose tips. Open grounds, 
most of our range. Aug.-Oct. 
