658 COMPOSITAE 
Lower leaves heart-shaped, the leaf-stalks clasping the stem 
18. A. undulatus, L. (Fig. 3, pl. 179.) Wavy-LEaAvep ASTER. Stem 
stiff, rough, somewhat hoary, branched above, with numerous heads in 
loose, rather elongated clusters. Leaves egg-shaped or broad lance-shaped, * 
with wavy or slightly toothed margins, the lower leaves heart-shaped at 
base, the winged leaf-stalks clasping the stem, the upper stem leaves 
broadened at base, nearly or quite heart-shaped attached directly to stem, 
nearly clasping. Dry soil. Common. Sept.-Oct. 
All the leaves clasping the stem, margins of the leaves entire. (Nos. 23 
and 24 sometimes toothed) 
19. A. patens, Ait. (Fig. 1, pl. 180.) Late Purpre Aster. Stem 1 
to 3 ft. high, slender, rough, loosely branched above. Leaves oblong egg- 
shaped, to oblong lance-shaped, not toothed at margins, often contracted 
below the middle, strongly heart-shaped at base, clasping the stem, none 
with leaf-stalks; thick, rigid, rough. Heads mostly solitary on the 
branches; rays 20 to 30, purplish blue to deep violet. Scales of the invo- 
lucre with spreading pointed tips. Dry open places, northern New York, 
Mass., and southward. Aug.-Oct. 
20. A. phlogifolius, Muhl. THIN-LEAVED PURPLE ASTER. (A. patens, 
var. phlogifolius, Nees.) Leaves larger than No. 19, thin, not rough, much 
contracted below the middle. Otherwise similar to A. patens; rays deep 
purple. Woods and thickets, New York and westward. Aug.-Sept. 
21. A. novae-angliae, L. (Fig. 3, pl. 180.) New EneLanp ASTER. 
Stem hairy, stout, 2 to 8 ft. high, with broad irregularly flat or elongated 
clusters of heads with pink, red or whitish rays. Leaves lance-shaped, 
without leaf-stalks, clasping the stem, very numerous, covered with a soft 
down, 2 to 5 in. long. Rays 40 to 50, linear; heads large. Moist grounds. 
Common. Aug.-Oct. 
22. A. amethystinus, Nutt. (Fig. 8, pl. 178.) AmeTHyst ASTER. 
Stem 2 to 5 ft. tall, much branched. Leaves of the stem small, linear, 
without teeth at margin, hairy on both sides, partly clasping by the 
searcely-contracted base. Heads numerous, small, in broad diffuse elus- 
ters. Bracts of the involucre linear, hairy, green at the tips, which are 
spreading. Rays 20 to 30, clear blue. Moist grounds, Mass., southern 
New York, Penn. Sept.-Oct. 
23. A. laevis, L. (Fig. 2, pl. 180.) Smootm Aster. Whole plant 
very smooth. Stem 2 to 4 ft. high, the branchlets usually quite short, 
terminated by a showy flower head. Leaves shining, oblong, rounded at 
apex, clasping at base, the lowest sometimes with a few teeth at the mar- 
gins, 1 to 4 in. long, about } as wide. Heads large; rays 15 to 30, rich 
blue or violet. Dry soil, Maine to Penna. Sept.-Oct. 
24. A. concinnus, Willd. (Fig. 3, pl. 181.) NaArrow-LEAvep SMooTH 
Aster. Stem branched above, 1 to 3 ft. high, smooth or slightly downy. 
Leaves narrow lance-shaped, 1 to 3 in. long, about 4 in. wide, sometimes 
toothed at the margins. leads numerous, rather large; rays rich blue or 
violet. Southern part of our area. 
25. A. junceus, Ait. (Fig. 5, pl. 181.) Rusm Aster. Stem very 
