664 COMPOSITAE 
38. A. novi-belgii, L. (Fig. 4, pl. 181.) New York Aster. Stem 
usually much branched, slender, smooth or slightly downy above. Leaves 
oblong to linear lance-shaped; margins entire or more generally toothed, 
at least remotely, tapering at each end, to a slender point at apex and 
base, or at base slightly clasping, 2 to 5 in. long, the lowest on leaf stems. 
Heads in a spreading flattish cluster, numerous, 1 to 13 in. broad; rays 
15 to 25, violet; bracts linear, acute, green, spreading, in 3 to 5 series. 
Swamps. Common, Aug.-Oct. 
39. A. gracilis, Nutt. (Fig. 9, pl 181.) Stenper Aster. From the 
oceasional thickening of the root-stock sometimes known as Tuber Aster. 
Stem slender, about 1 ft. high. Leaves somewhat rough, oblong lance- 
shaped, the lower broad lance-shaped on long leaf-stalks. Heads numer- 
ous, ? in. broad; rays 9 to 15, violet. Scales of the involucre leathery, 
whitish, with green tips, in several series. Dry sandy soil, New Jersey, 
and southward. July-Sept. 
40. A. radula, Ait. (Fig. 3, pl. 182.) Low Rouen AstTrErR. FILE- 
BLADE ASTER. Stem simple, branching above, 1 to 2 ft. high; leaves some- 
what crowded, oblong lJance-shaped, tapering to a slender point at apex, 
the upper rather broad, rounded at base, the lower tapering at each end; 
both sides of the leaf rough. Heads about 14 in. broad; rays 20 to 30, 
violet. Scales leathery, oblong with green obtuse tips Swamps and low 
grounds, most of our area. July-Sept. 
41. A. Herveyi, A. Gray. (Fig. 2, pl. 184.) Hervey’s Aster. Stem 
rough, I to 2 ft. high, above downy. Leaves rather rough, margins den- 
tate with low teeth, the upper ones narrowly egg-shaped without leaf- 
stalks, the lower broadly egg-shaped on long leaf-stalks. Heads not numer- 
ous, an inch or more broad; rays 15 to 25, violet. Involucre scales ob- 
long, closely overlapping. Dry soil, Eastern Mass., and Rhode Island. 
Aug.-Oct. 
42. A. nemoralis, Ait. (Fig. 8, pl. 181.) Baa Aster. Stem downy, 
4 to 2 ft. high. Leaves lance-shaped, acute at each end, the lower tapering 
to a short leaf-stalk, toothed at margins. Heads several usually rather 
more than an inch broad; rays light purple to pink; involucre saucer- 
shaped, the scales linear, acute. Sandy bogs, northern half of our area. 
Aug.-Sept. 
43. A. acuminatus, Michx. (Fig. 6, pl. 182.) Wuortep Aster. Plant 
somewhat hairy. Stem zig-zag, not branching, 1 to 24 ft. high. Leaves 
broad lance-shaped conspicuously slender pointed, the borders toothed, the 
leaves often crowded near the top so as to appear whorled. Heads several, 
rays purplish to white. Woods, northern and western New York, and 
southward. July-Oct. 
44. A, salicifolius, Lam. (Tig. 2, pl. 182.) Wittow Aster. Stem 
2 to 4 ft. high, much branched, very leafy, leaves lance linear, 2 to 4 in, 
long, } to 4 in. wide, toothed at margins, the apex slender pointed, taper- 
ing from a rather wide base. Heads about an inch broad, rather numer- 
ous; rays violet or purple, rarely white. Scales linear, in 4 or 5 series. 
Low grounds, most of our area. <Aug.-Oct. 
45. A. paniculatus, Lam. (Fig. 5, pl. 182.) Tatu Waite ASTER. 
Stem and leaves similar to No. 43, but leaves somewhat longer. Rays 
