THISTLE FAMILY 677 
clusters, terminal to the main stem or to short branches along the stem. 
Common in low grounds. July-Sept. 
4. G.supinum, L. (Fig. 4, pl. 187.) Dwarr Cupweep. Tufted, 
about 2 in. high; leaves mostly basal, linear or lance-shaped, with 1 or 2 
along the stem. Whole plant white woolly. Heads 1 or more, when sev- 
eral, a spike-like arrangement. Flowers yellowish. Rare, summits of the 
White Mountains. July-Aug. 
5. G. purpureum, L. (Fig. 5, pl. 187.) Purpre Cupweep. Simple 
or branched from the base, stem from 2 in. to 2 ft. high, woolly or silvery 
with a silky coat. Leaves narrow, almost linear, or the lower spatula- 
formed, green above, silky below. Heads attached almost directly to the 
stem, forming groups at the upper leaf-axils and an interrupted spike 
above. Involucre bracts brown or purple. Dry sandy soil, throughout 
our area. May-Sept. 
25. INULA, L. 
Our only species a tall, coarse herb with large, alternate leaves and large 
yellow ray flowers. Plant not floccose-woolly, but decidely downy or hairy. 
Involucre of overlapping scales; receptacle flat or convex, naked; ray 
flowers bearing pistils, disk flowers bearing both stamens and _ pistils. 
Anthers arrow-formed at base; aigrette simple, 
I. Helenium, L. (Fig. 1, pl. 188.) Execampanse. Stems in tufts, 2 
to 8 ft. high, downy above. Leaves large, the lower egg-shaped, those of 
the stem more or less heart-shaped at base and clasping the stem, woolly 
beneath. Rays very numerous, narrow, yellow. Head, including rays, 2 
to 4 in. broad. Along roadsides and in fields. An introduced plant. July- 
Aug. 
26. POLYMNIA, L. 
Tall clammy herbs with opposite leaves and yellow flowers. Leaves 
broad, lobed or angled, the lowest sometimes alternate. Heads in terminal 
clusters; involucre of about 2 rows of bracts, the outer of about 5 rather 
broad ones, leaf-like, the inner narrower and more numerous. Ray flowers 
bearing pistils and producing seeds, the disk flowers with both stamens 
and pistils but producing no fruit. Receptacle flat, chaffy, 
1. P. uvedalia, L. (Fig. 2, pl. 188.) Yertow Lear-cup. Stout, 
rough, 3 to 10 ft. high. Leaves broadly egg-shaped, angled and somewhat 
lobed, the lower leaves sometimes a foot long, narrowed to a winged leaf- 
stalk. Rays 10 to 15, yellow, 3 to 1 in. long, apex 3 toothed. Rich woods, 
southern part of our area, New York, and southward. July-Oct. 
2. P. canadensis, L. (Fig. 3. pl. 188.) SMALL-rLowerED LEAF-cUP. 
Less stout than the preceding, viscid downy, 2 to 5 ft. high. Upper leaves 
deeply 3- to 5-lobed with sharp angles, the lower large, the terminal lobe 
rounded. Heads small; rays 5, small, shorter than the involucre bracts, 
or minute or wanting, whitish yellow. Moist shaded places, southern part 
of our area, New York, and southward. June-Sept. 
27. SILPHIUM, L. 
Tall, rough, coarse perennial herbs with resinous juice, with opposite 
or alternate leaves and with clusters of yellow-flowered heads. Heads with 
numerous rays bearing pistils and producing fruit. Disk flowers with sta- 
mens and pistils producing no fruit. Scales of the broad involucre over- 
