688 COMPOSITAE 
3 in. long. Upper leaves lance-shaped, foothed. Heads small, rays none, 
bracts 3 or 4 times as high as the head, linear, scarcely toothed. Fruit 
2 awned, Swamps, Connecticut and southward. July-Sept. 
8. B. frondosa, L. (Fig. 1, pl. 192.) Brccar-ticks. Smooth, 
branched, 2 to 6 ft. high. Leaves on slender leaf-stalks, 3- to 7-divided, 
the segments lance-shaped or often sub-divided. Rays none; bracts 2 or 
3 times as high as the head, linear, scarcely toothed. Fruit ovate with 2 
awns. Moist soil, throughout our range. July-Oct. 
35. GALINSOGA, R. & P. 
Herbs with opposite 3-nerved leaves and small heads with whitish rays 
and yellow disk. Heads with several tubular and radiate flowers, the lat- 
ter 4 to 5, small, roundish, bearing pistils. Involucre of 4 or 5 rows of 
thin scales. Receptacle conical, chaffy. 
G. parviflora, Cavannilles. (Fig. 4, pl. 193.) Garinsoca. Nearly 
smooth, from 3 or 4 in. to more than a foot high. Leaves deltoid or egg- 
shaped, toothed, 3-nerved, the lower on slender leaf-stalks, the upper ses- 
sile. Abundant in neglected city door yards and other waste places. June- 
Novy. 
36. HELENIUM, L. 
Erect branching herb with alternate leaves and numerous heads. Disk 
globose; rays several, fan-shaped, the apex broad 3-toothed, reflexed as are 
the small bracts of the involucre. Fruit top-shaped, ribbed. Aigrette of 
a few scales with bristle points. 
H. autumnale, L. (Fig. 1, pl. 193.) Swame Sunrrower. Stem 
smooth or slightly downy, rather stout, 1 to 6 ft. high, Leaves lance- 
shaped, tapering at each end, toothed, without leaf-stalks, 2 to 5 in. long. 
Head with a globular yellow disk, and reflexed, 3-toothed, bright yellow 
fan-shaped rays. Swamps and wet meadows. Aug.-Oct. 
37. ACHILLEA, L. 
Perennial herbs with flat clusters of small flower heads and with alter- 
nate Jeaves. Heads with numerous florets, tubular and ray, the latter few 
and producing fruit; involucre scales overlapping, leathery; receptacle 
flat, chaffy. Fruit oblong, aigrette none. 
1. A. millefolium, L. (Fig. 3, pl. 193.) Yarrow. Stem simp®, 1 
to 2 ft. high. Leaves in general outline, lance-shaped, very finely dissected 
into thread-like segments. Cluster of heads flat-topped; heads with 4 or 
5 short white rays and numerous small yellow disk florets. The rays are 
sometimes pink and even dark purple, these mostly from old gardens. 
Common. June-Noy. 
2. A. Ptarmica, L. SNEEzEWorT Yarrow. Leaves linear, sharply 
toothed; cluster of heads loose; rays 8 to 12, longer than those of the 
common yarrow, white. Rare, but found in various parts of our range. 
* July-Sept. 
38. ANTHEMIS, L. 
Branching herbs some with unpleasant scent, with alternate more or 
less dissected leaves, heads with tubular and ray florets. Involucre of 
several overlapping series, the edges dry. Ray florets bearing pistils, fer- 
