694 COMPOSITAE 
46. ERECHTITES, Raf. 
Coarse annual herbs with rank smell, with alternate undivided leaves 
and with many rather large heads of tubular, whitish, flowers. Heads - 
many flowered, no rays; the central florets having stamens and pistils, 
fertile; the marginal florets pistillate but also fertile. Involucre cylin- 
drie, of a single row of sharp linear scales and with a few small spread- 
ing scales at base. Aigrette of an abundance of soft hairs; fruit oblong, 
tapering at base. - 
E. hieracifolia, Raf. (Fig. 7, pl. 195.) Fire Weep. Annual, stem 
usually branched, striate, 1 to $ ft. high, sometimes hairy. Leaves alter- 
nate, lance-shaped, 2 to 8 in. long, coarsely toothed at margins. Heads 
nearly an inch long, the abundant white hairs of the aigrette showing 
beyond the involucre. Abundant in spots which have been burned over in 
fields or in deserted yards and other waste places. July-Sept. 
47. CACALIA, L. (Mesadenia, Raf.) 
Tall, smooth, perennial herbs with alternate leaves on leaf-stalks and 
with many heads in flattened clusters; with milky sap and with yellow- 
ish or pink florets, all of which are tubular and all with stamens and 
pistil. Involucre cylindric of 5 bracts in a single row. Receptacle flat, 
naked. Fruit oblong, smooth; aigrette of copious white bristles. 
1. C. reniformis, Raf. (Fig. 8, pl. 195.) Great INDIAN PLANTAIN. 
Stem smooth, angled and grooved, 4 to 9 ft. high. Leaves all green on 
both sides, on leaf-stalks the lower more or less rounded or kidney-formed 
in general outline, but several angled, often very large, 1 to 2 ft. broad, 
the upper fan-shaped, coarsely toothed. Heads in flat clusters. Woods, 
southern part of our area. July-Sept. 
2. C. atriplicifolia, Raf. Pate INDIAN PLANTAIN. Stem smooth, not 
angled, 3 to 6 ft. high; leaves thin, whitish beneath, deeply lobed, in 
general outline triangular or kidney-shaped, on slender leaf-stalks. Rich 
woods. <Aug.-Sept. 
48. SYNOSMA, Raf. 
Coarse perennial herb resembling Cacalia, with triangular or spear- 
shaped leaves and flat clusters of heads of tubular, pink or white flowers. 
Florets all with pistil and stamens. 
S. suaveolens, (L.) Raf. (Fig. 6, pl. 195.) Sweret-scentTep INDIAN 
PLANTAIN. (Cuculia suaveolens, L.) Smooth, stem 3 to 5 ft. high. 
Leaves triangular, the lower of 3 angular lobes, 4 to 10 in. long. Woods, 
Conn., and New Jersey, and southward. Aug.-Oct. 
49. SENECIO, L. 
Herbs with alternate and basal leaves and with heads of flowers having 
ray and tubular flowers or tubular only. In our species flowers yellow. 
Involuere of 1 series of bracts with a few shorter ones at the base. Re- 
ceptacle flat or nearly so, naked. Ray flowers, when present, pistillate and 
fertile, Fruit cylindric, 5- to 10-ribbed; aigrette copious, of white hairs. 
