SAXIFRAGE FAMILY. 131 



enclosing numerous pistils which ripen into akenes. Cotyledons 

 rolled up from one margin. Flowers rather large, mostly aromatic, 

 as is the wood also. 



1. CALYCANTHUS. Flowers livid-purple or dull red, solitary in the axils or 



terminating leafy branches, with loose bracts passing to colored lanceolate 

 sepals, and these into similar thickish petals, Avhich are borne on the sum- 

 mit of the closed calyx-tube: within these are numerous short stamens; the 

 outer 12 or more having anthers ending in a tip; the inner smaller and with 

 imperfect anthers or none. Pistils enclosed in the fleshy cup; ovary with 2 

 ovules; styles slender. Akenes oval, coriaceous, enclosed in the leathery hip, 

 wliicii becomes about 2' long. 



2. CHLMONANTHUS. Flowers yellow and purplish, along naked shoots, sessile 



in axils of fallen leaves. Bracts and sepals scale-like, ovate, pnrplish or 

 brownish. Petals honey-yellow, or the innermost red. Stamens with an- 

 thers only 5. 



1. CALYCANTHUS, CAROLINA ALLSPICE or SWEET-SCENT^ 

 ED SHRUB. (Name from Greek for c!/;j> and /oit'cr.) All wild in U. S., 

 and cult., especially the first, which has the more fragrant strawberry -seen ted 

 blossoms. El. spring and all summer. 



C. floridus. Wild S. of Virginia in rich woods : leaA'es soft-downy be- 

 neath, l'-3' long, oval or oblong. 



C. Isevigatus. Wild from S. Pcnn. S. : smooth and green, with oval or 

 oblong leaves l'-.3' long, and rather small flowers (1^' across). 



C. glailCUS. Wild from Virginia S. ; like the foregoing, but with mostly 

 larger and taper-pointed leaves, glaucous beneath. 



C. OCeidentalis, Western C. Cult, from California : smooth, with 

 ovate or ovate-oblong and slightly heart-shaped larger leaves (.t'-6' long), ^ 

 green both sides, the upper surface roughish ; the brick-red flowers 3' across, 

 .scentless ; akenes hairy. 



2. CHIMONANTHUS, JAPAN ALLSPICE. (Name in Greek means 

 ivinter-flower ; it flowers in the winter in a mild temperate climate.) 



C. frkgrans. Shrub with long branches, which may be trained like a 

 climber, smooth lance-ovate pointed leaves, and rather small fragrant flowers, 

 hardy S. of Penn. 



40. SAXIFRAGACE^, SAXIFRAGE FAMILY. 



A large family not readily defined by any single characters ; 

 distinguished generally from Rosaceae by having albumen in the 

 seeds, ovaries partly or wholly united, and seldom any stipules ; 

 the herbs and most of the shrubs of the family have only as many 

 or twice as many stamens, and fewer styles or stigmas, than there 

 are petals or sepals. Flowers mostly perfect. — Besides the plants 

 described, there may be met with in choice conservatories : 



CuNoNiA Capensis, a small tree from Cape of Good Hope, with 

 opposite odd-pinnate leaves and a large stipule between their peti- 

 oles on each side : 



Bactera RUBioiDES, from Australia, a slender bushy shrub, with 

 opposite leaves of 3 almost sessile narrow leaflets, looking like 6 

 simple leaves' in a whorl, and pretty rose-colored widely open flow- 

 ers in their axils. 



I. Shrubs, with simple leaves (includes plants which have been 

 ranked in two or three different families). None of the following 

 have stipules, except Ribes. Seeds numerous. 



