DOGWOOD FAMILY. 167 



leaf of 5 ovate or oval serrate leaflets on each of the 3 divisions of the petiole, 

 and a short peduncle with 2-7 umbels. 



§ 2. Ginseng. Sterile and fertile flowers on separate simple-stetiuued plants, in 

 a sinrjle slender-stalked umbel, below it a single whorl of digitate leuves : 

 sti/les and cells of the fruit 2 or 3. 



A. quinquefolia, Ginseng. Rich woods N. : root spindle-shaped, warm- 

 aromatic, 4' -9' lon<^ ; stem 1° high; leaflets .5 at the end of each of the 3 

 petioles, slender-stalked, thin, obovate-oblong, pointed, serrate; fl. in summer; 

 fruit red. 



A. trifblia, Dwarf G. or Ground-nut. Low woods, N. : 4' -8' high 

 from a deep globular pungent-tasted root ; leaflets 3 or sometimes .5 sessile on 

 the end of each of the 3 petioles, narrow-oblong and obtuse : fl. in spring ; fruit 

 orange-yellow. 



2. HEDERA, IVY. ( The ancient Latin name. ) Fl. late summer. 



H. H61ix, True or English Ivy, from Europe. Woody climber, with 

 evergreen glossy rounded heart-shaped or kidney-shaped and 3-lobed or 3-angIed 

 leaves, or in some varieties more deeply 3 - 7-cleft, yellowish-green flowei's, and 

 blackish berries ; covers shaded walls, "&c., adhering by its rootlets, but scarcelj 

 stands far N. without some protection. 



56. CORNACE^, DOGWOOD FAMILY. 



Shrubs, trees, or one or two mere herbs, with simple leaves, small 

 flowers, calyx-tube in the perfect or pistillate ones coherent with the 

 surface of the 1 — 2-celled ovary, which is crowned with the small 

 calyx-teeth or minute cup, bearing the petals (valvate in the bud) 

 and stamens of the same number : style and stigma single : ovule 

 and seed solitary in the cells, hanging from the summit : fruit a 

 small drupe or berry. 



Garrya elliptica, a singular Californian shrub, with thick op- 

 posite leaves, and dioecious greenish flowers in hanging catkin-like 

 spikes, is rarely cultivated or planted. 



1. CORNUS. Flowers perfect, in cymes, close clusters, or heads (with or with- 



out a corolla-like involucre). Minute teeth of the calyx, petals, and sta- 

 mens 4. Style slender: stigma terminal. Berry-like little drupe with a 

 2-celled 2-seeded stone. Leaves entire, opposite except in one species, 

 deciduous. Bark ver\' bitter, tonic. 



2. AUCUBA. Flowers dia'cious, dull purple, in axillary panicles. Teeth or lobes 



of the calyx and petals 4. Stamens in the sterile flowers 4, with short fila- 

 ments and oblong anthers. Fertile flowers with a 1-celled ovary, becoming 

 an oblong red berry in fruit: style short: stigma capitate. Leaves opposite, 

 coriaceous and glossy, evergreen, smooth, more or less toothed. 



3. NYSSA. Flowers polygamous or ciitccious, greenish, crowded or clustered on 



the summit of an axillary peduncle, the sterile ones numerous, the fertile 

 2-8 in a bracted cluster, or rarely solitary. Calyx of 5 or more lobes 

 or teeth. Petals small and narrow, or minute, or none. Style slender or 

 awl-shaped, bearing a sti<;ma down the whole length of one side, revolute. 

 Ovary and stone of the drupe 1-celled and 1-seeded. Trees, with deciduous 

 alternate leaves, often crowded on the end of the branchiets, either entire, 

 angled, or few-toothed. 



1. CORNUS, CORNEL or DOGWOOD. (Name from cornu, horn, from 

 the hardness of the wood.) Fl. late spring and early summer. 



§ 1. Flowers greenish, crowded in a head or close cluster, which is surrounded bjf 

 a showji corolla-like (white or rarely pinkish) '^-leaved involucre: fruU 

 bright red. 



C. Canadensis, Dwarf Cornel, Bunch-berry. Damp woods N. : 

 a low herb, the stems springing from creeping slender subterranean shoots;. 



