188 COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



solitary long-stalked head, the outer flowers very large and blue, with white or 

 rose-colored varieties. ® ® 



C. montana. Cult, from Eu. : low and stout stems from creeping root- 

 stock, leaves lance-oblong, head larger, but flowers similar to last. ^ 



§ 3. Amberb6a. Marginal steiile flowers many : pappus of narrow chaff, or 

 none : scales of head naked and smooth. Cult, for ornament, from Asia. 



C. odorata, or Amberboi, Sweet Sultana. Smooth, with mostly pin- 

 natifid leaves, long-stalked head of yellow fragrant flowers, the outer ranks 

 enlarged, and cliafFy-bristled pappus. ® 



C. moschata, Musk-scented S., has rose-purple or white musk-scented 

 flowers, the outer little enlarged, and no pappus. (T) 



9. XANTHIUM, COCKLEBUR, CLOTBUR. (Name from the Greek 

 for yel/ow, the plants said to yield that color.) Coarse and vile weeds, with 

 stout and low branching stems, alternate and petioled merely toothed or lobed 

 leaves, and obscure greenish Howers, produced all summer. (J) 



X. Strum^rium, Common C. Barnyards and waste manured ground : 

 rough, l°-2° high, with broadly triangular-heart-shaped toothed or slightly 

 lobed leaves on long petioles ; the fruit a bur fully 5' long, with 2 straightish 

 beaks at the apex. 



Var. echinatum, on sandy shores, has a turgid bur 1' long, with incurved 

 beaks and more numerous prickles, beset with glandular bristles. 



X. spinosum, Spiny C. Sandy shores and waste places, E. & S. 

 Hoary ; the branching stems armed with slender triple prickles at the base of 

 the narrow short-petioled leaves ; bur small, with a single beak-like tip. 



10. AMBROSIA, RAGWEED. ( The classical name means /ooJ /or <Ae 

 Gods: perhaps sarcastically applied to these miserable weeds.) Leaves oppo- 

 site or the upper alternate, mostly lobed or cut : flowers greenish, all summer 

 and autumn. (T) 



A. triflda, Great Ragweed. Tall coarse herb along low borders of 

 streams, 4° -10° high, rough, with opposite deeply 3-lobed leaves on margined 

 petioles, the lobes lance-ovate and serrate, staminatc heads in racemes, their in- 

 volucres 3-ribbcd on one side, the fertile one or fruit obovate and with 5 or 6 

 ribs ending in a tubercle or spiny point. 



A. bidentata. Prairies from 111. S., l°-3° high, hairy, very leafy; the 

 leaves alternate, closely sessile, lanceolate, and with a short lobe or tooth on one 

 side near the base ; heads in a dense spike, the top-shaped involucre of the sterile 

 ones with a large lanceolate appendage on one side. 



A. artemisisefblia, Roman Wormwood, Hogweed, or Bitterweed. 

 Waste places and roadsides, l°-3° high, hairy or roughish ; with twice pin- 

 natifid leaves either opposite or alternate, pale or ho;iry beneath, staminatc 

 heads in panicled racemes or spikes, the small roundish fruit with about 6 little 

 teeth or spines. 



11. TANACETUM, TANSY. (Old name, said to be a corruption of 



Alhanasia, undying, from the durable flowers.) El. all summer. 21 



T. vulg^re, Common Tansy, from Eu. : cult, in old gardens, and a road- 

 side weed, 2° -4° high, smooth, strong-scented and acrid, with deep green 1-3- 

 pinnately compound leaves, the leaflets and winged margins of the ))etiole cut- 

 toothed ; in var. cRfspuM, leaves more cut and crisped. 



T. Balsamlta, Costmary : a garden herb, from Eu., 1° - 2° high, smooth, 

 with pleasant scent, the pale leaves oblong and nearly toothed, and small heads 

 of pale yellow flowers. 



12. ARTEMISIA, WORMWOOD. (Dedicated to Artemis, the Greek 

 Diana.) El. summer. 



* Leaves hoari/ or cottony, at least underneath. 11 



A. Absinthium, Common Wormwood, from Eu. ; in old gardens and 

 a roadside weed; strong-scented, silky-hoary, with stems 2° -4° high and rather 



