204 COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



* Dish dark purple, contrasting with the yellow rays. 



•^Leaves long and linear, \-nerved, entire, sessile: heads small and mostly 

 corymbed : involucre of leaf- like spreading scales. 



H. angustifolius, of pine-barrens from New Jersey S.^ has slender rough 

 stems 2° - G° high, lower leaves opposite and rough. 



H. orgyalis, of Kansas and Arkansas, cult., has stems (6° - 10° high), and 

 crowded very narrow alternate leaves smooth : fl. late. 



-1- -t- Leaves oval or lanceolate, opposite: stems l°-3° high, hearing solitary or 

 few long-peduncled rather large heads: involucre of short close scales. 



H. heteroph;^llus, of low pine-barrens S. ; rather hairy, with lowest 

 leaves oval or oblong, upper ones lance-linear and few ; scales of involucre 

 lanceolate. 



H. rigidus, of dry prairies W. & S. ; rough, with thick firm leaves lance- 

 oblong or the lower oval ; scales of the involucre ovate or oblong, blunt. 



* * Disk yellow as well as the rays, or hardly dingy-brownish. 

 H- Scales of the involucre short and broadly lanceolate, regularly imbricated, without 

 leaf-like tips: leaves nearly all opposite and nearly entire. 



H. oceidentalis, of dry barrens from Ohio "W. & S. : somewhat hairy, 

 with slender simple stems l°-3° high, sending off runners from base, naked 

 above, bearing 1-5 heads ; lowest leaves ovate or lance-ovate ; upper ones 

 narrow, small and distant. 



H. mollis, of same situations, is soft white-woolly all over, 2° - 4° high, 

 leafy to the top, the leaves heart-ovate and j^artly clasping. 



■*- -1- Scales of the involucre looser and leafy-tipped : stems leafy to the top. 



++ Leaves chiefly alternate and not triple-ribbed. 



H. gigant^us, common in low grounds N. ; rough and rather hairy, 3°- 

 10° high, with lanceolate serrate nearly sessile leaves, and pale yellow rays. 



++ ++ Leaves mainly opposite, except in the last, 3-ribbed at base or triple-ribbed. 



H. divaric^tus, common in dry sterile soil, has smooth stem l°-3° high, 

 rough ovate-lanceolate leaves tapering to a point and 3-nerved at the rounded 

 sessile base. 



H. hlrSUtUS, only W., differs from the preceding in its rough-hairy stem 

 l°-2° high, and leaves with narrower base more or less petioled. 



H. strumbsus, common in low grounds, has mostly smooth stems 3° -4° 

 high, broadly lanceolate or lance-ovate leaves rough above and whitish or white- 

 downy beneath, their mai'gins beset with fine appressed teeth, and petioles short 

 and margined. 



H. decap6talus, so named because (like the preceding) it commonly has 

 10 rays ; common along streams, has branching stems 3° - 6° high, thin and 

 bright-green smoothish ovate leaves coarsely toothed and abruptly contracted 

 into margined petioles ; scales of the involucre long and loose. 



H. tuberbsus, Jerusalem Artichoke (i. e. Girnsole or Sunflower in 

 Italian, corrupted in England into Jerusalem): cult, for the tubers and run 

 wild in fence-rows, probably a state of a wild S. W. species ; .5° -7° liigb, with 

 triple-ribbed ovate ])ctioled leaves, rough-hairy as well as the steins, all the 

 upper ones alternate, the running rootstocks ending in ovate or oblong edible 

 tubers. 



53. HELIOPSIS, OXEYE. (Greek-made name, from the likeness to 

 iSunflower. ) 



H. leevis, our only species, common in rich or low grounds, resembles 

 a Sunflower of the last section, but has pistillate rays and 4-sided akenes with- 

 out jiappus : l°-4° high, smooth; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, triple-ribbed, 

 petioled, serrate ; head oi' golden-yellow flowers terminating the brauches, in 

 summer, y. 



