COMPOSITE FAMILY. 207 



^9. HIERACIUM, HAWKWEED (which the name means in Greek). 

 Wild ])'ants of the country, in dry ground : fl. summer and autumn. ^ 



H. Canad6nse, chiefly N., has simple stems l°-3° high and leafy up to 

 the corymbed summit ; lanceolate or oblong acute leaves with a few coarse teeth, 

 and ratlicr large heads with loose imbricated involucre. 



H. panic Ul^tum, in woods, has slender and branching leafy stems 2° -3° 

 high, lan.ceolatc scarcely toothed leaves, a loose panicle of very small 12-20- 

 flowered heads on slender peduncles, the involucre very simple. 



H. SCabrum, in more open grounds, is ronghish-hairy, with rather stout 

 simple stem (2° -3° high), bearing obovate or oval nearly entire leaves, and 

 a narrow panicle of many small heads, the 40 - 50-flowered involucre and stiff 

 peduncles tliickly beset with dark glandular bristles ; akenes not tapering. 



H. longipilum, iu prairies W., is so named from the exceedingly long 

 (often 1') straight bristly hairs of the stem ; has narrow oblong entire leaves, 

 panicle and 20 - 30-tiowered involucre between the last and the next, and akenes ' 

 spindle-shapetl. 



H. Gronbvii, common in sterile soil, with slender stems leafy and very 

 hairy below, leaves oblong or obovate, panicle narrow, small heads, slender 

 peduncles and 20- SO-flowered involucre sparingly glandular-bristly, and spindle- 

 ijhaped akenes with very tapering summit. 



H. venbsum, Rattlesnake-Weed ; common in dry sandy ground, very 

 smooth or with a few hairs ; with leaves chiefly at the root, obovate or ol)long, 

 thin, purple-tinged beneath and purple- veiny above ; scape slender, 1° - 2° high, 

 forking into 2-7 slender peduncles bearing small about 20-flowered heads ; 

 Akenes linear, not tapering. 



70. WABALUS, RATTLESNAKE-EOOT. (Name from Greek word 

 for a harp, alluding probably to the lyrate leaves of some species.) Roots 

 tuberous or spindle-shaped, bitter. Fl. late summer and autumn. ^ 



* Peduncles and 5-1 2-Jioivered heads smooth : leaves very variable. 



N. altissimus, Tall R. or White-Lettuce. Rich woods N., 3° -6° 

 high, with long and narrow leafy panicle, petioled leaves inclined to be ovate- 

 triangular ; heads 5 -6-flowered; pappus dirty white. 



W. albus, Common White-Lettuce, in open woods, chiefly N. and W., 

 is glaucous, with more corymbed panicles of 8 - 12-flowered heads, usually more 

 cut or divided leaves, and cinnamon-colored pajjpus. 



N. Fraseri, Lion's-foot, or Gall-of-the-Earth, is commonest in dry 

 soil E. and S., l°-4° high, with narrow-corymbed panicles of 8 -12-flowered 

 -heads, and pappus dull straw-color. 



* * Peduncles and 12 - 40-Jlowered fieads hairy. Chirfly West, on plains, Sfc. 



N". racembsus has smooth wand-like stem 2° - 5° high, lance-oblong 

 slightly toothed leaves, the upper ones partly clasping, and a narrow spiked 

 panicle of about 12-flowered heads. 



N. dsper is similai-, but rough-pubescent, the 12- 14-flowered heads mostly 

 erect and larger. 



K". crepedinius, only W., is smoother, with stout stem 5° - 8° high, 

 wide corymbed panicles of 20 - 40-flowered heads, brown pappus, and broad 

 leaves 6' - 12' long on winged petioles. 



71. PYRRHOPAPPUS, FALSE DANDELION. (Name means in 

 CJreek jlami-rolored pappus ; this and the leafy stems obviously distinguish 

 this genus from the next. ) (i) @ 



P. Carolinianus, in sandy fields from Maryland S. : \°-2° high, with 

 oblong or lunccolatc leaves often pinnatifid or cut, the upper partly clasping; 

 fl. spring and sunnner. 



72. TARAXACUM, DANDELION. (Greek name referring to medici- 

 nal projicrties of the root. ) ® y, 



T. Dens-lebnis, Common D., in all fields, &c., from spring to autumn. 

 Inner involucre closes after blossoming till the akenes mature and the beak 



