298 NETTLE FAMILY. 



rusty-downy buds ; leaves 4'- 8' long, doubly serrate, very rough above ; these 

 and the flowers sweet-scented in drying ; calyx-lobes and stamens 7 - 9 ; fruit 

 much less than 1' long, the seed-bearing centre pubescent. 



U. mont^na, Wtch or Scotch Elm. Planted from Eu. : leaves smaller 

 and less rough ; buds not downy ; calyx-lobes and stamens about 5 ; fruits 1' 

 long, smooth. 



§ 2. Leaves smooth above, smaller': notch at the summit of the fruit reaching nearly 

 to the seed-bearing cell : fruit only about ^' long. 



* European species occasionally planted : flowers in close clusters : pedicels very 



short or hardly any : stamens 4 or 5 : fruit smooth, round-obovate. 



U. camp6stris (or glXbra), English Elm. Large tree with rather short 

 horizontal or ascending branches ; leaves 2' -4' long, mostly or soon smooth. 



U. SUberdsa, European Cork-Elm. Probably a mere variety of the 

 preceding, with thick plates of cork on the branches. 



* * Wild species, with the flowers soon hanging on slender stalks, which are jointed 



above the middle : fruit ovate or oval, with 2 sharp teeth at apex, the margin 

 downy-ciliate at least when young. 



U. Americana, American or White Elm. Well known large tree, 

 with long ascending branches gradually spreading, drooping slender branchlets, 

 which are smooth as well as the buds, not corky ; the abruptly pointed leaves 

 2' -4' long ; flowers in close clusters, with usually 7-9 calyx-lobes and stamens ; 

 fruit smooth except the margins, its incurved points closing the notch. 



U. racemosa, Corky White Elm. Resembles the foregoing, but with 

 downy-ciliate bud-scales ; branches becoming corky, young branchlets some- 

 what pubescent, leaves with straighter veins, and flowers racemed. 



U. al^ta, Whahoo or Winged Elm. Virginia to 111. and S. : small 

 tree, with bud-scales and branchlets nearly smooth, winged plates of cork on 

 the branches, and small thickish leaves (1' - 2' long) almost sessUe. 



2. PLANERA, PLANER-TREE. (Named for I. J. Planer, a German 

 Botanist.) Flowers greenish, appearing with the leaves in early spring. 



P. aquatica, American P. River swamps, from Kentucky S. : small 

 tree, leaves ovate-oblong, smooth ; fruit stalked in the calyx, beset with irregular 

 warts or crests. 



3. CELTIS, HACKBERRY or NETTLE-TREE. (Ancient Greek name 

 for the Lotus-berry, produced by the European species.) Fl. spring: fruit 

 ripe in autumn, eatable. 



C. OCCidentMis, American H. Small or middle-sized tree, of rich low 

 grounds ; with reticulated ovate and taper-pointed serrate or entire leaves, 

 oblique or partly heart-shaped at base, sweet thin-fleshed fruit as lai'ge as a pea. 

 Var. ptMiLA, a straggling bush, chiefly S., only 4°- 10° high. 



4. FICUS, FIG. (The Latin, altered from the Greek name of the Fig.) 

 P. Carica, Common Fig. Cult, from the Levant, as a house-plant N. : 



leaves broad, 3 - 5-lobed, roughish above, rather downy beneath ; figs single in 

 the axils, peaixshapcd, luscious. 



F. el^Stica, India-Rubber-tree of E. Indies (not that of S. America) ; 

 tree cult, in conservatories for its beautiful leaves, 6' - 10' long, oval-oblong, 

 entire, thick, smooth, bright green, glossy above. 



P. ripens, from China, a delicate creeping species, fixing itself firmly by 

 rootlets and covering walls in conservatories ; leaves 1' or less long, oblong- 

 ovate, with unequal partly heart-shaped base. 



5. MORUS, MULBERRY. (Old Greek and Latin name.) Leaves hearts 

 shaped or ovate, mostly serrate, often palmately lobed ; short catkin-like 

 spikes axillary or lateral ; fl. spring : fruit in summer, eatable. 



M. rubra, Red Mulberry. Low tree, wild in rich woods or along 

 streams ; Ituvcs rough above, downy beneath, pointed ; spikes often dioecious, 

 fruit cylindrical, red, turning dark purple. 



