18 FIELD AND WOODLAND PLANTS 



and spikes of irregular, greenish flowers. Sepals 4 or 5, persistent. 

 Petals 4 to 7, irregular. Stamens many. Ovary of 3 lobes, one- celled. 

 (The Mignonette Family.) 



8. CiSTACEiE. — Herbs or undershrubs with entire, opposite leaves ; 

 and conspicuous, regular flowers. Sepals 3 to 5. Petals 5, twisted in 

 the bud. Stamens many. Ovary of 3 carpels, one-chambered. (The 

 Rock-rose Family.) 



9. ViOLACE^. — Herbs with alternate, stipuled leaves; and axillary, 

 irregular flowers. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, unequal, the lower 

 one prolonged into a spur. Stamens 5. Ovary of three carpels, one- 

 celled. (The Violet Family.) 



10. Droserace^s;. — Small marsh plants with radical, glandular 

 leaves ; and cymes of small, white, regular flowers. Sepals 5. Petals 

 5. Stamens 5 or 10. Ovary of 3 to 5 carpels, one-celled. (The Sun- 

 dew Family.) 



11. PoLYGALACE^. — Herbs with alternate, scattered, exstipulate, 

 simple leaves ; and racemes of irregular flowers. Sepals 5, the inner ones 

 resembling petals. Petals 3 to 5, unequal. Stamens 8, in two bundles. 

 Ovary two-celled. Fruit a capsule. (The Milkwort Family.) 



12. Frankeniace.e. — Herb with opposite, exstipulate leaves; and 

 small, axillary, red, regular flowers. Sepals 4 to 6, united into a tube. 

 Petals 4 to 6. Stamens 4 to 6. Ovary of 2 to 5 carpels, one-celled. 

 (The Sea Heath.) 



13. Elatinace^. — Small aquatic herbs, with opposite, stipulate, 

 spathulate leaves ; and minute, axillary, red flowers. Sepals, petals 

 and stamens 2 to 5. Fiuit a capsule with 2 to 5 valves. (The Water- 

 wort Family.) 



14. Caryophyllace.^.— Herbs mostly with jointed stems ; opposite, 

 simple leaves ; and red or white, regular flowers. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 



4 or 5. Stamens 8 or 10. Styles 2 to 5. Fruit a one-celled capsule, 

 opening at top by teeth. (The Pink Family.) 



15. Linages. — Herbs with slender stems ; narrow, simple, entire, 

 exstipulate leaves ; and cymes of regular flowers. Sepals, petals, 

 stamens, and carpels 4 or 5. Petals twisted in the bud, fugacious 

 (falling early). Carpels each with two ovules. Fruit a capsule of 3 to 



5 cells. (The Flax Family.) 



16. Malvace^. — Herbs or shrubs with alternate, stipuled leaves; 

 and conspicuous, axillary, regular flowers. Sepals 5. Petals 5, twisted 

 in the bud. Stamens many, united into a tube. Carpels many, each 

 with one ovule. (The Mallow Family.) 



17. Tiliace^. — Trees with alternate, stipuled, oblique, serrate 

 leaves ; a large bract adherent to the flower stalk : and cymes of greenish, 

 regular flowers. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens many. Carpels 5, 

 each with two ovules. (The Linden Family.) 



18. Hypericace.^e. — Herbs or shrubs with opposite, simple, ex- 

 stipulate leaves, often dotted with glands ; and cymes of conspicuous 

 yellow, regular flowers. Sepals 4 or 5, with glandular dots.. Petals 

 4 or 5, twisted in the bud. Stamens many, united into several bundles. 

 Carpels 3 to 5, with many ovules. Fruit a capsule with 3 to 5 cells. 

 (The St. John's- wort Family.) 



19. AcERACE^. — Trees with opposite, palmately-lobed leaves; and 



