20 FIELD AND WOODLAND PLANTS 



and petals 4 or 5. Siamens 4 or 10. Carpels 2 or 4, united. (The 

 Saxifrage Family.) 



33. Crassulace^. — Succulent herbs with simple leaves ; and small, 

 regular, starry flowers. Sepals, petals, and carpels 3 to 20, usually 5. 

 Stamens twice as many as the petals. Carpels superior, forming follicles. 

 (The Stonecrox^ Family.) 



34. Araliaceje. — Climbing shrub with clinging rootlets, evergreen 

 leaves, umbels of yellowish flowers, and black berries. Sepals, petals, 

 stamens, carpels, and seeds 5 each. Ovary inferior. (The Ivy.) 



35. CoRNACE^E. — Herbs and shrubs with opposite leaves, small 

 flowers, and berry-like fruits. Sepals, petals, and stamens 4 or 5. 

 Ovary inferior. Carpels 2, each with one ovule. (The Dogwood 

 Family.) 



36. IJMBELLiFERiE. — Herbs with mostly compound, pinnate leaves, 

 sheathing at the base ; and compound umbels of small, white flowers. 

 Sepals, petals, and stamens 5. Ovary inferior. Fruit of two adhering 

 carpels. (The Parsley Family.) 



37. Caprifoliace^. — Shrubs and herbs with o^jposite leaves, and 

 conspicuous (sometimes irregular) flowers. Sepals and petals 3 to 5. 

 Stamens 4 to 10. Fruit a berry. (The Honeysuckle Family.) 



38. RuBiACE.^i;. — Herbs with whorled leaves ; and small, regular 

 flowers. Sepals, x^etals, and stamens 4 to 6. Carpels 2. (The Bed- 

 straw Family.) 



39. Valerianace^. — Herbs with opposite leaves and small (some- 

 times irregular) flowers. Sepals 3 to 5, often downy. Petals 3 to 5. 

 Stamens 1 or 3. Ovary of three carpels, one-celled. (The Valerian 

 Family. ) 



40. DipSACExE. — Herbs with opposite leaves; and heads of small 

 flowers, mostly blue. Calyx enclosed in a whorl of scaly bracts. Petals 

 4 or 5. Stamens 4, free. Ovary one-celled and one-seeded. (The 

 Teasel Family.) 



41. CoMPOSiT.E. — Herbs with heads of small flowers with tubular or 

 strap-shaped corollas. Calyx absent or represented by a whorl of silky 

 hairs (pappus). Stamens 4 or 5, anthers generally united. (The 

 Daisy Family.) 



42. Campanulace^. — Herbs with milky sap ; alternate, entire, 

 scattered leaves ; and usually conspicuous, blue, regular flowers. 

 Sspals, petals, and stamens 5. Ovary of 2 to 8 carj)els. (The Bell- 

 flower Family.) 



43. Vacciniace.e. — Low (mostly mountainous) shrubs, with scat- 

 tered, simple, alternate leaves ; small drooping, reddish or pink, regular 

 flowers ; and edible berries. Sepals, petals, and carpels 4 or 5. Stamens 

 8 or 10. (The Cranberry Family.) 



44. Ericaceae. — Shrubs or herbs with opposite or whorled, evergreen 

 leaves ; and small conspicuous, regular, flowers. Sepals, petals, and 

 carpels 4 or 5. Stamens 5 to 10. (The Heath Family.) 



45. Aquifoliace.^. — Shrub with evergreen, spiny leaves ; and 



