GENERAL CHARACTERS OF PLANTS 21 



small, greenish, regular flowers. Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels 

 4 or 5. Fruit berry-like, with one-seeded stones. (The Holly.) 



46. Oleace^. — Trees or shrubs with opposite leaves; and small, 

 regular flowers. Sepals and petals 4, sometimes absent. Stamens 2. 

 Fruit a berry or a samara. (The Olive Family.) 



47. Apocynaceje. — Slender, prostrate shrubs, with milky sap ; 

 opposite, evergreen, entire leaves ; and conspicuous, regular, purple 

 flowers. Sepals, petals, and stamens 5. Corolla salver-shaped. (The 

 Periwinkle Family.) 



48. Gentianace^. — Bitter herbs with opposite, simple, entire leaves ; 

 and regular, conspicuous flowers. Sepals, petals, and stamens 4 to 10. 

 Carpels 2. Fruit a capsule. (The Gentian Family.) 



49. CoNvOLvuLACE.^. — Herbs, generally twining, with alternate, 

 simple leaves (sometimes absent) ; and mostly conspicuous, regular 

 flowers. Sepals, petals, and stamens 4 or 5. Ovary two- or four-celled. 

 Fruit a four-seeded capsule. (The Bindweed Family.) 



50. SoLANACEiE. — Hcrbs or shrubs with alternate leaves, and axillary 

 cymes of regular flowers. Sepals, petals, and stamens 5. Ovary two- 

 celled. Fruit berry-like or a capsule, many seeded. (The Nightshade 

 Family.) 



51. ScROPHULAKiACEiE. — Herbs with mostly irregular, lipped flowers. 

 Sepals and petals 4 or 5. Stamens 2, or 4, two longer than the 

 others. Carpels 2. Fruit a many-seeded capsule. (The Figwort 

 Family. ) 



52. Orobanchace^. — Fleshy, brown, parasitic plants, with scattered 

 scale-leaves; and mostly brownish, irregular flowers. Sepals 4 or 5. 

 Petals 5, lipped. Stamens 4, two longer than the others. Carpels 2. 

 Fruit a one-chambered, many-seeded capsule. (The Broom-rape 

 Family. ) 



53. Verbenace^. — An erect, branched herb, with opposite leaves ; 

 and a compound spike of small, irregular flowers. Sepals and petals 5. 

 Corolla lipped. Stamens 4, two longer than the others. Ovary four- 

 celled. Fruit of 4 nutlets. (The Vervain.) 



54. Labiat.^. — Herbs, mostly aromatic, with square stems, opposite 

 leaves, and whorls or cymes of irregular flowers. Sepals and petals 5. 

 Corolla usually lipped. Stamens 4 (rarely 2), two longer than the others. 

 Fruit of 4 one-seeded nutlets. (The Dead Nettle Family.) 



55. BoRAGiNACE^. — Herbs, mostly rough, with alternate, simple 

 leaves ; and spikes of conspicuous, regular flowers. Sepals, petals, and 

 stamens 5. Carpels 2. Fruit of 4 one-seeded nutlets. (The Borage 

 Family. ) 



56. Lentibulariaceje. — Insectivorous, marsh herbs, with radical, 

 entire leaves, or much-divided floating leaves with bladders ; and 

 conspicuous, irregular flowers. Sepals and petals 5. Corolla usually 

 lipped. Stamens 2. Fruit a one-chambered, many-seeded capsule. 

 (The Butterwort Family.) 



57. Primulace^. — Herbs, mostly with radical leaves ; and con- 

 spicuous, regular flowers. Sepals, petals, and stamens 4 to 9. Stamens 

 opposite the petals. Ovary one-celled, with free central placenta. 

 Fruit a many-seeded capsule. (The Primrose Family.) 



58. Plumbaginace^. — Herbs, mostly maritime, with radical or 



