22 FIELD AND WOODLAND PLANTS 



alternate leaves ; and mostly blue, regular flowers. Sepals, petals, and 

 stamens 5, Stamens opposite the petals, and usually free. Carpels 3 

 to 5. Ovary one-celled and one-seeded. (The Thrift Family.) 



59. Plantaginace.t;. — Herbs with (generally) simple, entire, radical 

 leaves ; and spikes of greenish flowers. Sepals, petals, and stamens 4. 

 Corolla scaly. Carpels usually 2 or 4. Fruit a one- to four-chambered 

 capsule. (The Plantain Family.) 



Note. — Plants in which calyx or corolla are, or appear to be, absent 

 occur in orders 1, 6, 14, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 32. 



60. AMARANTHACE^gE. — A smootli, prostrate herb, with scattered, 

 stalked, exstipulate, simple leaves ; and small, axillary, green, monoecious 

 flowers. Sepals and stamens 3 to 5. (The Amaranth.) 



61. Chenopodiace^. — Herbs with simple, exstipulate leaves, or 

 leafless, jointed stems ; and small green flowers. Sepals 3 to 5, persistent. 

 Stamens 1 to 5, opposite the sepals. Fruit indehiscent. (The Goose- 

 foot Family.) 



62. PoLYGONACEJS. — Herbs with sheathing stipules ; alternate, 

 simple leaves ; and small flowers. Sepals 3 to 6, green or coloured, 

 usually persistent. Stamens 5 to 8, Fruit indehiscent. (The Dock 

 Family. ) 



63. ELEAGNACE^gs. — -A shrub with silvery scales ; alternate, entire, 

 exstipulate leaves ; and inconspicuous, dioecious flowers. Sepals 2 to 

 4, persistent. Stamens 4. Fruit berry-like. (The Sea Buckthorn.) 



64. THYMELACEiE. — Shrubs with tough inner bark ; simple, entire, 

 exstipulate leaves ; and conspicuous, perfect, sweet-scented flowers. 

 Sepals 4. Stamens 8. Fruit berry-like. (The Spurge Laurel Family.) 



65. LoRANTHACE.^. — A green, parasitic, much branched shrub, with 

 opposite, simple, entire leaves ; inconspicuous, dioecious flowers ; and 

 whitish viscid berries. Sepals and stamens 4. Ovary one-chambered. 

 Berry one-seeded. (The Mistletoe.) 



66. Aristolochiace^. — Herbs and climbing shrubs, with alternate 

 leaves and perfect flowers. Sepals 2 or 3, sometimes coloured, some- 

 times lipped. Ovary with 4 to 6 chambers, containing many ovules. 

 (The Birthwort Family.) 



67. Santalace.^. — A slender, prostrate, root-parasite, with alternate, 

 linear leaves ; and inconspicuous, perfect flowers. Sepals and stamens 

 4 or 5. Ovary one-celled. Fruit dry, one-seeded. (The Bastard 

 Toad-flax.) 



68. Empetrace/E. — A mountain, evergreen, resinous shrub, with 

 alternate, narrow leaves ; and inconspicuous, dioecious flowers. Peri- 

 anth of 6 scales. Stamens 3. Ovary of 3 to 9 cells, with one ovule in 

 each cell. (The Crowberry.) 



69. EupHORBiACE.E. — Trccs, shrubs, or herbs, generally with a 

 milky sap ; simple, entire leaves ; and small, inconspicuous flowers, 

 sometimes enclosed in calyx-like bracts. Perianth of 3 or 4 parts, or 

 absent. Stamens 1 or many. Fruit separating into 2 or 3 carpels 

 elastically. (The Spurge Family.) 



70. Urticace^e. — Herbs, often with simple, stinging leaves ; and 



