144 FIELD AND WOODLAND PLANTS 



we have to notice four species that are to be found in woods and other 

 shady spots during the summer months. The features common to 

 the four species are : — Leaves alternate. Calyx adhering to the 

 ovary, with a border of five lobes or teeth. Corolla bell- 

 shaped, with five lobes. Stamens five, attached to the corolla 

 by the broad bases of the filaments. Ovary inferior, ripening 

 to a capsule that opens by longitudinal clefts. The species referred 

 to are : 



1. The Giant Bell-fiower {Campanuki ktlifolia). A stout plant, 

 from three to five feet high ; with an unbranched, leafy stem ; 

 and a leafy raceme of large, deep blue or white flowers that bloom 

 in July and August. Its leaves are large, ovate to lanceolate, 

 acute, doubly serrate, the lower ones stalked and the upper sessile. 

 Each axillary peduncle bears only one flower, the calyx of wliich 

 has long, narrow segments, and the corolla is hauy within. The 

 capsule is short, opening by slits near the base. This flower is 

 found principally in the North. 



2. The Creeping BeU-flower {C. Rapuncidoides). — A downy 

 plant, with a creeping rootstock ; an erect, simple or sUghtly- 

 branched stem from one to two feet high ; and a one-sided raceme 

 of drooping, deep blue flowers that appear in July and August. The 

 leaves are rough and doubly toothed, the lower ones stalked and 

 heart-shaped, and the upper narrow and sessile. The segments 

 of the calyx are long and narrow, and the capsule is globular, opening 

 by small slits near the base. This species is widely distributed, but 

 not very common. 



3. The Nettle-leaved Bell-flower [C. Trachelium). — Avery rough 

 plant, with an angled stem, from one to three feet high, bearing a 

 leafy raceme of large blue flowers from July to October. Its leaves 

 are much like those of the Stinging Nettle, being very rough, 

 bristly, and coarsely toothed. The segments of the calyx are 

 rather broad, and very rough with stiff hairs. This species is 

 very abundant in some localities, and is widely distributed. (See 

 Plate II, Fig. 4.) 



4. The Ivy-leaved BeU-flower (C hederacea). — A pretty little 

 creeping plant that grows in moist \\oods, flowering during July 

 and August. It is very widely distributed, and is a common flower 

 in many parts of Great Britain, more especially in the southern 

 counties. Its prostrate stem is very slender ; and the leaves are 

 small, stalked, very broad, and palmately divided into angular 

 lobes. The flowers are of a pale blue colour, solitary on long. 



