182 



FIELD AND WOODLAND PLANTS 



only slightly toothed. The flower-heads are small, yellow, in a 

 loose panicle with long slender stalks. The involucre consists of 

 about eight glaucous scales, about a quarter of an inch in length, 

 and a whorl of small outer ones. The fruits are flattened, with 

 many longitudinal nervures, and have no pappus. The flowers 

 may be seen from July to September, 



The Chicory or Succory 

 {Cichorium I ntybiis) is a local 

 plant, but often very abund- 

 ant where it exists. It has a 

 long tap root ; and a strong, 

 erect, bristly and sticky stem. 

 The lower leaves are spread- 

 ing and hairy, deeply divided, 

 M ith a large terminal lobe, and 

 smaller lateral lobes which are 

 pointed and coarsely toothed. 

 The upper leaves are lanceo- 

 late, clasping the stem, with 

 pointed auricles. The flower- 

 heads are of a bright blue 

 colour, large and conspicuous, 

 mostly in sessile clusters of 

 two or three along the rigid, 

 spreading branches, but a few 

 are terminal. The involucre 

 consists of about eight inner 

 bracts, and a whorl of outer 

 ones that are much shorter. 

 The florets are large ; and the 

 fruits are smooth, or nearly so, and closely enveloped in the lower 

 part of the involucre. The time of flowering is from July to 

 October. 



Our next species is the Burdock {Arctium Lappa), familiar as a 

 wayside plant not only on account of its abundance and its large 

 size, but also on account of its globular flower-heads which cling 

 so tenaciously to our clothing by means of the hooked points of the 

 inner involucre bracts. It is a very stout, branching plant, varying 

 from two to six feet in height, wdth very large, stalked, cordate 

 lower leaves that often exceed a foot in length. The upper leaves 

 are smaller, and broadly ovate ; and both these and the lower ones 



The Nipplewort. 



