GENERAL KEY TO THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES. XI 



2. Carpels 2 or more, united into a compound ovary; stamens hypogynous; sepals mostly distinct. 



^ Plants not insectivorous. 



Order 13. Pap.werales (Rhoeadales). 

 Sepals 2 (very rarely 3 or 4I: endosperm fleshy. Fam. 31. Papaveraceae. 2:98. 



Sepals or calyx-segments 4-S; endosperm none. 



Capsule 2-celled by a longitudinal partition, usually 2 valved, rarely indehiscent; sepals and 

 petals 4. Fam. 32. Cruciferae. 2: 108. 



Capsule i-celled. of 2-6 carpels. 



Sepals and petals 4, regular, or petals irregular; capsule of 2 carpels, 2-valved. 



Fam. },},. Caf>piiriiiai,ae. 2: 154. 

 Sepals and petals 4-8, irregular; capsule of 3-6 carpels, 3-6valved at the top; disk large. 



Fam. 34. Rfiidaccae. 2: 158. 

 ^ vr Insectivorous plants, secreting a viscid liquid, with basal leaves and scapose flowers. 



Order 14, Sarraceniales. 



Ovary 3-5-celled; leaves hollow. Fam. 35. Sarraceniaccac. 2: 159. 



Ovary i-celled; leaves circinate in unfolding, the blade flat. Fam. 36. Droscraceaf. 2: 160. 



3. Cjirpels soUtary, or several and distinct, or sometimes united; stamens mostly perigynous or epigynous; 



sepals mainly united or confluent with the concave receptacle. Order 15. R(is.\i.ES. 



^ Small aquatic Beshy herbs, with a spathe-like involucre, and a 2-3-celled capsule; perianth none. 



Fam. 37. Put/ostimaceai'. 2: 163. 

 ^ -^ Land or rarely swamp plants without an involucre. 

 t Etiiiosperni present, itsitally copious and fleshy . 

 Carpels as many as the caly.t-segmcnts; stamens as many or t%vice as many; more or less fleshy 

 herbs. Fam. 38 Crassulaceae. 2: 163. 



Carpels fewer than the calyx-segments, mostly 2 (ovary i -celled in Parnassia). 



Herbs, or opposite-leaved shrubs. Fam. 39. Saxifragaceac. 2: 169. 



Alternate-leaved shrubs or trees; styles 2. 



Fruit a I-celled berry. Fam 40. Grossulariaceae. 2:187. 



Fruit a 2 celled woody or hard capsule. Fam. 41. Hamaniclidaceae. 2:192. 



\\ Endosperm none, or I'ery little (copious in Opitlaster, shrub of the Rosaceae). 

 J Trees with broad leaves and small monoecious capitate flowers. 



Fam. 42. Plalanaceae. 2: 194. 

 % % Flowers perfect (dioecious in Artincus?i.ri& in species of Fra^aria of the Rosaceae ; in Gleditsia 

 and Gymnocladiis oi \.\i^ Caesalpiniaceae, and rarely in some Papilionaceae). 

 a. Flowers regular. 

 Pistils usually several or numerous (one only in Cercoearpus and sometimes in species of Alche- 

 milla and Sanguisorba). 

 Carpels distinct, sometimes adnale to the calyx, ripening into follicles or aclienes. 



Fam. 43. Rosaceae. 2: 194. 

 Carpels united, enclosed by the calyx-lube and adnate to it, the fruit a pome. 



Fam. 44. Pomaceae. 2: 232. 

 Pistil only i. 



Ovarj- 2-ovuled: fruit a drupe; leaves simple. Fam. 45. Drupaccac, 2:246. 



Ovary several-ovuled; fruit a legume; leaves 2-3-pinnate. Fam. 46. Mimosaccae. 2:254. 



b. Flowers irregular (nearly or quite regular in Gleditsia and Gymnocladus, 

 trees of the Caesalpiniaceae). 

 Fruit a legume; upper petal enclosed by the lateral ones in the bud; leaves compound, mostly stip- 

 ulate. Fam. 47. Caesalpiniaceae. 2: 256. 

 Fruit spiny, indehiscent; leaves simple, exstipulate. Fam. 48. A'rameriaceae. 2:261. 

 Fruit a legume or loment; upper petal enclositig the lateral ones in the bud; leaves compound 

 (sometimes i-foliolate), stipulate. Fam. 49. Papilionaceae. 2:262. 

 4. Carpels united into a compound ovary; sepals mostly distinct, 

 vf Stamens few, rarely more than twice as many as the sepals, 

 t Stamens as many as the sepals or fewer, and opposite them, or more numerous. 

 t Ovules pendulous, the raphe toward the axis of the ovary. Order 16. Geraniales. 

 Stamens more than one; land plants. 



Flowers regular, or nearly so; petals present, usually as many as the sepals. 

 Herbs, the leaves not punctate; flowers perfect. 

 Leaves not pinnately compound. 



Capsule at length splitting into its 5 carpels; leaves lobed or dissected. 



Fam. 50. Geraniaceae, 2: 340. 

 Capsule 2-5-celled, not splitting into its carpels. 



Stamens 2-3 times as many as the petals; leaves 3-foliolate in our species. 



Fam. 51. Oxalidaceae. 2: 344. 

 Stamens as many as the petals; leaves entire. Fam. 52. Linaceae. 2: 348. 



Leaves pinnately compound. Fam. 53. Zygophyllaceae. 2:351. 



Our species trees or shrubs with compound leaves, often punctate; flowers dioecious or 

 polygamous. 

 Leaves punctate. Fam. 54. Rutaceac. 2:352. 



Leaves not jjunctate, but the biltc-r bark with oil-sacs. Fam. 55. Simartibaceae. 2: 354. 

 Flowers very irregular; petals 3; stamens usually 8; low herbs. Fam. 56. Polygalaceae. 2:35,5. 

 Flowers regular, often apetalous, small, monoecious or dioecious; carpels mostly 3; herbs or 

 low shrubs, mostly with milky juice. Fam. 57. Enpliorhiaceae. 2:361. 



Stamen only i; perianth none; styles 2; small aquatic or rarely terrestrial plants with opposite en- 

 tire leaves. Fam. 58. Callitrichaceae. 2:381. 

 X t Ovules pendulous, with the raphe away from the axis of the ovary, or erect or ascending. 



Order 17. Sapindales. 

 a. Flowers regular, or nearly so ( except in Hippocastanaceae, which are trees or shrubs 

 with digitately compound leaves). 

 Petals none (or 3 in Empetrum) , flowers monoecious or dioecious; leaves evergreen. 



Stamens mostly 3; low heatlilike shrubs. I^am. 59. Empelraceae. 2: 383. 



Stamens 4-7; our species an herb with broad leaves and spiked flowers. 



Fam. 60. Buxaceae. 2: 384. 



