GENERAL KEY TO THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES. xiii 



Series 2. GAMoi-KrALAE. 2:548103:493. 



relals more or less uiiilcd. (See exceptions noted on page 54S, Vol. 2. ) 



A. Ovary superior (except in Vacciniaceae and Syniplocaceae, in wliich it is partly or wholly 



inferior.) 



I. Stamens mostly free from the corolla, or adnate merely to its base (at the sinuses of the corolla 



in Diapensia and Pyxidanlhera of the Diapensiaceae), as many as the lobes and 

 alternate with tlieni, or twice as many. Order i. Ericvles. 

 Stamens free from the corolla, or merely adnate to its base, not united into a tube. 

 Ovarj- superior; fruit a capsule, or rarely drupaceous. 

 Corolla essentially polypetalous. 



Ovary 3-celled; shrubs; leaves deciduous. Fam. i. Clelhraicae, 2:548. 



Ovary 4-5 celled; low, mostly everRreen perennials. Fam. 2. I'yrolaccae. 2:549. 



Corolla distinctly gamopetalous (except in Mmiolropa and Hvpopilys of the Jlonotropaceae 



and Leditvt of the Ericaceae). 



Herbaceous saprophytes without green leaves. Fam. 3 .Mo)W/ropaceae. 2: 554. 



Shrubs with normal, often evergreen leaves. Fam. 4, Ericaceae. 2: 556. 



Ovary inferior, adnate to the calyx, forming a many-seeded berry in fruit. 



Fam. 5. Vacciniaceae. 2: 573. 

 Stameus borne at the sinuses of the corolla, or united in a 10 lobed tube. 



Fam, 6. DiapnisitUcae. 2: 582. 



II. Stamens borne on the corolla, .as many as its lobes and opposite them, or twice as many, or more. 

 Herbs. Order 2. Primulales. 



.Style I : fruit a capsule. Fam. 7. Piimulaccae. 2:584. 



.Styles 5; fruit an achene or utricle. Fam. S. flnnibm^iiiaceae. 2: 594. 



Shrubs or trees. Order 3. Ebenales. 



Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes. Fam. 9. Sapotaceae. 2: 595. 

 Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes, or more. 



Styles 2-8; flowers mostly monoecious or dioecious. Fam. 10. Ebenaccae. 2: 596. 

 Style I. simple or lobed; flowers mostly perfect. 



Stamens in several series. Fam. 11. Syniplocaceae. 2:597. 



Stamens in i series. Fam. 12. Slyracaceae. 2: 598. 



III. Stamens borne on the corolla, as many as its lobes or fewer, and alternate with them (In our 



species of I'ra.xinus and Adclia of the Oleaceae there is no corolla). 



* Corolla not scarioiis, ner-red. 



t Ovaries 2, distinct (except in some Loganiaceae, and in Gentianaceae and Menyanthaceae, in 



which the ovary is compound, with 2 cavities, or rarely more, or with i cavity and 2 



placentae); flowers regular; stamens mostly adnate to only the lower part 



of the corolla; leaves mosllj' opposite. 



Order 4. Genti.^nales {Conlor/ae). 



a. Stamens (usually 2), fewer than the corolla-lobes, or corolla none; our species 



trees or shrubs. Fam. 13. Oleaceae. 2:600. 



b. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes; mostly herbs. 

 Stigmas distinct; juice not milky; ovary i, compound. 



Ovary 2celled; leaves stipulate, or their bases conuected by a stipular line. 



Fam. 14. Loganiaceae. 2: 604. 

 Ovary i-celled; leaves not stipulate. 



Leaves opposite or rarely verlicillate; corolla-lobes convolute or imbricated in the bud. 



Fam. 15. Gentianaceae. 2: 606. 

 Leaves basal or alternate; corolla-lobes induplicate-valvate in the bud; marsh or aquatic 

 herbs. Fam. 16. Menyanthaceae. 2:621. 



Stigmas united: juice milky: ovaries 2 in our species. 



Styles united; stamens distinct; pollen of simple grains. Fam. 17. Apocynaceae. 3:1. 



Styles distinct; stamens mostly monadelphous; pollen-grains united into waxy masses. 



Fam. 18. Asclepiadaceae. 3: 4. 

 tt Ovary i, compound (2-divided in Dichondra of the Convolvulaceae; in Boraginaceae and Labi- 

 atae mostly deeply 4-lobed around the style) flowers regular or irregular; stamens mostly 

 adnate to the middle of the corolla-tube or beyond; leaves opposite or alternate. 



Order 5. Polemoniales ( Tubiflorae). 



a. Corolla regular (irregular in Echinm oi the Boraginaceae). 

 Ovary not 4-lobed, the carpels not separating as separate nutlets at maturity. 



Ovary 2-ceUed, rarely 3-4-celled; style i, entire, 2-cleft, or 2-parted; mostly twining vines. 



Leaves normal. Fam. 19. Convolvulaceae. 3: 19. 



White or yellowish parasitic vines, the leaves reduced to minute scales. 



Fam. 20. Ciiscutaceae. 3: 27. 

 Ovary 3.celled; stigmas 3, linear; herbs, not twining, Fam. 21. Polemontaceac. 3:31. 



Ovary i-celled (2-celIed in Naina); style i, 2-lobed, or 2-parted; herbs, not twining. 



Fam. 22. Hydrcpliyllaceae. 3: 43. 

 Ovary deeply 4-lobed around the style, or not lobed (Heliolropium); carpels .separating as nutlets. 



Fam. 23. Boraginaceae. 3: 50. 



b. Corolla irregular, more or less 2-lipped (regular in Solanaceae, in Mentha and Lycopus of the 

 Labiatae, and nearly or quite so in Verbena and Callicarpa of the Verbenaceae). 



1. Carpels 1-2 seeded. 

 Ovary not lobed, 2-4-celled, the style apical; carpels separating into i-seeded nutlets. 



Fam. 24. Verbenaceae. 3: 69. 

 Ovary 4-lobed around the style, the lobes ripening into i-seeded nutlets. 



Fam. 25. Labiatae. 3: 74. 



