XIV GENERAL KEY TO THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES. 



2- Carpels several-manysceded (2sce<led in some Acanthaceae). 

 ] Fruit a berry, or more commonly a capsule which is 1-3-celIed, 2-vatved, circumscissile, or irregularly 



bursting, not elastically dehiscent. 

 Placentae axile. 



Ovary 2-celled, or rarely 1-5-celled. 



Flowers regular; fertile stamens 5 (4 in Petunia); fruit a berry or capsule. 



Fam. 26. Solaitaceae. 3: 124. 

 Flowers more or less irregular; fertile stamens 2 or 4 (5 in Verbasi:um)\ fruit a capsule. 



Fam. 27. Scrophulariaceae. 3: 142. 

 Ovary i-celled; marsh or aquatic herbs with flowers on scapes. 



Fam. 28. Lentibulariactae. 3: 188. 

 Placentae parietal. 



Herbs, parasitic on the roots of other plants, the leaves reduced to scales, not green; ovary 

 :-celled. Fam. 29. Orobanchaceae . 3: 194. 



Trees, vines, shrubs, or herbs, the foliage normal. 



Trees, shrubs, or woody vines; capsule 2celled; seeds winged in our eenera. 



I"am. 30. liignoiiiaceac. 3: 198. 

 Opposite-leaved herbs; capsule i-celled in our genus; seeds wingless. 



Fam. 31. RTarlyniaciai\ 3:200. 

 \ \ Capsule completely s-celted, elastically loculicidally dehiscent; opposite-leaved herbs; placentae 



axile. Fam. 32. Acantliaccae. 3: 201. 



3. Ovary and fruit iccUed with i erect orthotropous ovule and seed; herb with spicate flowers 



and reflexed fruits. Fam. 32'. J'/irvmaccae. 3: 205. 



* * Corolla scarious, nerveless. Order 6. Plantaginales. 



Herbs with small spicate or capitate flowers; one family. Fam. 33. Planlaginaceae. 3:205. 



B. Ovary inferior. 

 I. Anthers diilinct. 

 Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and alternate with them (one fewer in Liitnaea of the Capri- 

 foliaceae). or twice as many; ovary compound, with 1 ovule or more in each cavity; leaves 

 opposite, or verticillate. Order 7. Ruuiales. 



Stamens as m.iny as the corolla-lobes. 



Leaves always stipulate, usually blackening in drying. Fam. 34. Ruhiaceae. 3:211. 



Leaves usually exstipulate, not blackening in drying. Fam. 35. Caprifoliaceae. 3: 227. 



Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes; low herb with ternately divided leases. 



Fam 36. Adoxaecac. 3: 242. 



Stamens mostly fewer than the corolla-lobes; ovary i-celled with i pendulous ovule, or 3-celled 



with 2 of the cavities without ovules. Order 8. V.^leri.^nales (Aggregatae). 



Ovary 3-celled; 2 cavities empty. Fara. 37. Valertanaceae. 3:24V 



Ovary 1 -celled; flowers densely capitate, involucrate. Fam. 38. Dipsacaccae. 3:247. 



11. Anthers united (except in Campanula and Legouzia of the Campanulaceae, in Ambrosiaceae, 

 and in Kulinia of the Compositae. Order 9. Camp.^nulales i Campanu/atae). 

 Flowers not in involucrate heads; juice mostly milky. 



Endosperm none; flowers monoecious or dioecious; our species vines. 



Fam. 39. Cucurbitaceae. 3: 249. 

 Endosperm present, fleshy; flowers perfect. Fam. 40. Campanulaceae. 3: 252. 



Flowers in involucrate heads. 



Flowers all expanded into rays (ligulate); juice milky. Fam. 41. Cichoriaceac. 3:261. 



Flowers all tubular, or the outer expanded into rays; juice very rarely milky. 



Stamens distinct, or nearly so. Fara. 42. Amhrosiaeeae. 3:292. 



Stamens united by their anthers into a tube around the style (except in K'ulmia). 



Fam. 43. Compositae. 3: 298. 



