Vol. III.] 



MINT FAMILY. 



99 



lower 3-cleft, spreading. Stamens and pistil as in Sfachys, but the anther-sacs parallel in 

 some species. Nutlets ovoid, rounded above. [The 

 classical Latin name of Wood Betony.] 



Ten species, or more, natives of Europe and Asia. 



I. Betonica officinalis L. Beton\'. Wood 

 Betony. (Fig. 3123.) 



Belonica officinalis L. Sp, PI. 573. 1753. 



Stachys Belonica Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 532. 1S34. 



Perennial, pilose or glabrate, deep green; stem slen- 

 der, erect, usually simple, l°-3° tall. Leaves oblong 

 or ovate, obtuse at the apex, crenate all around, firm, 

 cordate or truncate at the base, the basal and lower 

 ones very long-petioled, the blades 3'-6' long, the 

 the upper distant, short-petioled or nearly sessile; 

 lower petioles 1J2-4 times as long as the blades; spike 

 short, dense; bracts ovate, uiucronate, about as long 

 as the calyx; calyx-teeth acicular, half as long as the 

 tube or more; corolla-tube exserted. 



In a thicket at Newton, Mass. Fugitive from Europe. 

 Also called Bishop's wort and Wild Hop. July-Sept. 



22. SALVIA L. Sp. PI. 2-- 



1753- 



Herbs, or some species shrubs, with clustered usually showy flowers, the clusters mostly 

 spiked, racemed, or panicled. Calyx ovoid, tubular or campanulate, mostly naked in the 

 throat, 2-lipped; upper lip entire or 3-toothed; lower lip 2-cleft or 2-toothed. Corolla 

 strongly 2-lipped; upper lip usually concave, sometimes arched, entire, emarginate or 

 2-lobed; lower lip spreading, 3-cleft or 3-lobed. Anther-bearing stamens 2 (the posterior 

 pair wanting or rudimentary); filaments usually short; connective of the anthers transverse, 

 linear or filiform, bearing a perfect anther-sac on its upper end, its lower end dilated, capi- 

 tate or sometimes bearing a small or rudimentary one. Ovary deeply 4- parted; style 2-cleft 

 at the summit. Nutlets smooth, usually developing mucilage and spiral tubes when wetted. 

 [Latin, salvus, safe, from its healing virtues.] 



About 500 species, of wide distribution in temperate and tropical regions. 

 ing, some 25 others occur in soutliern and western North America. 

 Leaves mostly basal, only 1-3 pairs on the stem. 



Leaves lyrate-pinuatifid or repand; upper corolla-lip short. 

 Leaves crenulate; upper lip arched, longer than the lower. 

 Stem leafy, bearing several pairs of leaves. 

 Leaves narrowly oblong, or lanceolate. 



Corolla io"-i5" long, its tube exserted. 

 Corolla 4" -6" long, its tube not exserted. 

 Leaves ovate, or broadly oval. 



Upper corolla-lip short, not exceeding the low'er. 



Leaves merely crenate or crenulate; fruiting calyx spreading. 

 Leaves pinnatifid, sinuate or incised; fruiting calyx deflexed. 

 Upper lip of corolla arched, longer than the lower. 



Besides the follow- 



5. lyrala. 

 S. pralensis. 



S. Pitcheri. 

 S. lanceolala. 



urlicifolia. 



verbenaca. 



Sclai'ca. 



I. Salvia lyrata I,. Lyre-leaved Sage. 

 (Fig. 3124.) 



Salvia lyrala L. Sp. PI. 23. 1753. 



Perennial or biennial, hirsute or pubescent; 

 stem slender, simple, or sparingly branched, 

 erect, i°-3° high, bearing i or 2 distant pairs of 

 small leaves (rarely leafless), and several rather 

 distant whorls of large violet flowers. Basal 

 leaves tufted, long-petioled, obovate or broadly 

 oblong, lyrate-pinnatifid or repand-dcntate, thin, 

 3'-8' long; stem-leaves similar, or narrower and 

 entire, sessile, or short-pctiolcd; clusters about 

 6-flowered; calyx campanulate, the teeth of its 

 upper lip subulate, those of the lower longer, 

 aristulate; corolla about i' long, the tube very 

 narrow below, the upper lip much smaller than 

 the lower; filaments slender; anther-sacs borne 

 on both the upper and lower ends of the con- 

 nective, the lower one often smaller. 



In dry, mostly sandy woods and thickets, New 

 Jersey to Florida, west to Illinois, Arkansas and 

 Texas. Corolla rarely undeveloped. May-July. 



