Vol. hi.] 



MADDER FAMILY. 



225 



19. Galium palustre Iv. Marsh Bedstraw. (Fig. 3426.) 



Galium palusire L. Sp. PI. 105. 1753. 



Galium Irifidum var. bifolium Macoun, Cat. Can. 



Plants, 202. 18S4? 



Perennial, stem erect and rather slender, 

 about 16' high; internodes very long (middle 

 one2^i''-3' long);short branches mostly in 2's. 

 Stem sharply 4-augled, glabrous or a little 

 rough; leaves in typical specimens rather 

 small, in 2's to 6's, linear-elliptic to spatulate, 

 cuneate at the base, obtuse, 3"-S''' long, i"- 

 2" wide, the rather firm margins and the 

 midrib slightly scabrous, not papillose; flowers 

 numerous in terminal and lateral cymes; brac- 

 teoles in the inflorescence minute; pedicels in 

 flower ascending, ili"-2yi" long, in fruit 

 strongly divaricate; corolla large, white, i"- 

 lU" broad, 4-parted, the lobes oblong, acute; 

 disk almost obsolete; fruit glabrous; endosperm 

 of the seed grooved on the inner face, in cross- 

 section lunate. 



In damp shady or open places along roadsides 

 and ditches, or in the margins of swamps. New- 

 foundland, Prince Edward Island and Quebec, 

 to Massachusetts and New York. Also in Europe. 



20. Galium concinnum Torn & 



Gray. Shining Bedstraw. 



(Fig. 3427.) 



Galium parviflorum Raf. Med. Rep. (II) 5: 



360. 1808 ? 

 Galium concinnum T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2: 23. 1S41. 



Perennial, glabrous, shining, usually much 

 branched, the angles of the stem and edges 

 of the leaves minutely scabrous. Leaves usu- 

 ally all in 6's, linear or sometimes broader 

 above the middle, narrowed at the base, 

 blunt-pointed, or minutely cuspidate, \"-^" 



long, \"-\) 



'wide, green in drying; pedun- 



cles filiform; pedicels short; flowers minute, 

 white, numerous in open cymes; fruit small, 

 glabrous; endosperm deeply grooved. 



In dry woodlands, western New Jersey to Vir- 

 ginia, west to Minnesota and Arkansas. June- 

 Aug. 



21. Galium asprellum Michx. Rough 

 Bedstraw. (Fig. 3428.) 



Galium asprellum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 78. 1803. 



Perennial, weak, much branched and reclining 

 on bushes, or sometimes erect; stem retrorsely 

 hispid, 2°-6° long. Leaves in 6's or 5's, or those 

 of the branches rarely in 4's, narrowly oval or 

 slightly oblanceolate, cuspidate at the apex, nar- 

 rowed at the base, sometimes so much so as to ap- 

 pear petioled, \"-?>" long, i"-2" wide, their 

 margins and midribs rough; cymes terminal and 

 axillary, several-many-flowered; flowers white; 

 fruit smooth and glabrous, about 1" broad; endo- 

 spermjwith a'shallow groove. 



In moist soil, Newfoundl.ind to western Ontario, 

 south to North Carolina, Illinois, Wisconsin and 

 Nebraska. Called also Pointed Cleavers. Ascends 

 to 3500 ft. in the Adirandacks. June-Aug. 



15 



