Vol. III.] 



MADDER FAMILY. 



227 



I. Asperula odorata L,. Sweet 

 Woodruff. (Fig. 3431.) 



Asperula odorata L. Sp. PI. 103. 1753. 



Steins erect, slender, smootU. Leaves usually 

 in S's (6's-9's), thin, oblong-lanceolate, acute or 

 obtuse, mucronate, i nerved, roughish on the 

 margins, 6"-iS" long, the lower smaller, often 

 obovate oroblanccolate; peduncles terminarand 

 axillary, slender; cymes several-flowered; flow- 

 ers white or pinkish, I'i" long; pedicels \"-i" 

 long; fruit very hispid, about \" broad. 



In waste places. New Brunswick, N. J. Fugitive 

 from Europe. Other English names are Hay-plant, 

 Mugwet or Mugget, Rockweed, Sweet Hairhoof, 

 Woodrip, Woodrowel, Star-grass, and Sweet-grass. 

 May-July. 



Asperula arvensis L., another European species, 

 with terminal capitate flowers, and linear obtuse 

 leaves, has been found in waste places on Staten 

 Island. 



Family 35. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Vent. Tabl. 2: 593. 1799. 

 Honeysuckle Family. 

 Shrub.s, trees, vines, or perennial herbs, with opposite simple or pinnate 

 leaves, and perfect, regular or irregular, mostly cymose flowers. Stipules none, 

 or sometimes present. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb 3-5-toothed or 

 3-5-lobed. Corolla gamopetalous, rotate, campanulate, funnelform, urn-.shaped, 

 or tubular, the tube often gibbous at the base, the limb 5-lobed, sometimes 2- 

 lipped. Stamens 5 (very rarely 4) , inserted on the tube of the corolla and alter- 

 nate with its lobes; anthers oblong or linear, versatile. Ovary inferior, 1-6- 

 celled; style slender; stigma capitate, or 2-5-lobed, the lobes stigmatic at the 

 summit; ovules anatropous, i or several in each cavity. Fruit a i-6-celled 

 berry, drupe, or capsule. Seeds oblong, globose, or angular; .seed-coat mem- 

 branous or crustaceous, smooth or cancellate; embryo usually small, placed 

 near the hilum ; radicle terete; cotyledons ovate. 



.\bout 10 genera and 260 species, mostly natives of the northern hemisphere, a few in .South 

 .\merica and .\ustralia. 



Corolla rotate or urn-shaped; flowers in compound cymes; style deeply 2-5-lobed: shrubs or trees. 



Leaves pinnate; drupe 3-5-seeded. 

 Leaves simple; drupe i -seeded. 

 Corolla tubular or campanulate, often 2-lipped; style slender. 

 Erect perennial herbs; leaves connate. 



Creeping, somewhat woody herb; flowers long-peduncled, geminate. 

 Shrubs or vines. 



Fruit a few-seeded berry. 



Corolla short, campanulale, regular, or nearly so. 

 Corolla more or less irregular, tubular or campanulate. 

 Fruit a 2-celled capsule; corolla funnelform. 



I. Sambucus. 

 Viburnum. 



Triosleum. 

 Linnaca. 



Symphoricarpos. 



Lonicera. 



Diervilla. 



I. SAMBUCUS L. Sp. PI. 269. 1753. 



Shrubs or trees (or some exotic species perennial herbs), with opposite pinnate leaves, 



serrate or laciniate leaflets, and small white or pinkish flowers in compound depressed or 



thyrsoid cymes. Calyx-tube ovoid or turbinate, 3-5-toothed or 3-5-lobed. Corolla rotate or 



slightly campanulate, regular, 3-5-lobed. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the corolla; 



filaments slender; anthers oblong. Ovary 3-5-ceIled; style short, 3-parted; ovules i in each 



cavity, pendulous. Drupe berry-like, containing 3-5, i-seeded nutlets. Endosperm fleshy; 



embryo nearly as long as the seed. [Latin name of the elder.] 



About 20 species, of wide geographic distribution. In addition to the following, 3 others occur 

 in western North America. 



Cyme convex; fruit purplish black. 



Cyme thyrsoid-paniculate, longer than broad; fruit red. 



1. 5. Canadensis. 



2. S. pubens. 



