262 



CICHORIACEAE. 



[Vol. III. 



.^u£e- . 



Klowers pink. 9. Pliloria. 



Plume-branches of the pappus interwebbed. lo. Tragopogon. 



.;,;- .V- .;.;. Pappus of simple bristles i of soft white scales with or without bristles in No. 18). 



t Receptacle with a few deciduous bristles: flouers yellow. 11. ifalacothrix. 



tt Receptacle naked. 

 I . Achenes spinutose, or with short processes near the summit. 

 Heads few- (6-15-) flowered, yellow; stem branching. 12. 



Heads many-flowered, yellow, solitary on scapes. 13. 



2. Achenes smooth, or papillose, not spinulose toward the summit. 

 (a) Achenes flattened. 

 Achenes truncate, not beaked; flowers yellow. 14. 



Chondrilla. 

 Tara.vaciim. 



Sonchus. 



17. As;oseris. 



18. Nothocalais. 



19. Sittlias. 



20. Crepis. 



Achenes narrowed at the summit, or beaked; flowers blue or yellow. 15. Lactuca. 



(b) Achenes cylindric, or prismatic. 

 .\chenes terete, not narrowed eitherat the bise or summit; flowers pink or purple. 16. I.ygodesviia. 

 Achenes narrowed at the bxse, narrowed or beaked at the summit; flowers yellow. 

 Achenes slender-beaked. 



Pappus-bristles not surrounded by a villous ring at base. 

 Pappus of slender simple bristles. 



P.ippus of narrow soft scales, with or without some slender bristles. 

 Pappus-bristles surrounded by a villous white ring at base. 

 Achenes merely narrowed above, not beaked. 

 .\chenes narrowed at the base, otherwise columnar, trimcate (except in 2 species of Hieracium). 

 Flowers yellow, orange, or red. 21. Hieracium. 



Flowers white, cream-color, or purple. 22. Nabalus. 



I. CICHORIUM L. Sp. PI. 813. 1753. 



Erect branching herbs, with alternate and basal leaves, those of the stem and branches 

 usually very small and bract-like, and large heads of blue purple pink or white flowers, 

 peduncled, or in sessile clusters along the branches. Involucre of 2 series of herbaceous 

 bracts, the outer somewhat spreading, the inner erect and subtending, or partly enclosing, 

 the outer achenes. Receptacle flat, naked, or slightly fimbrillate. Rays truncate and 5- 

 toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender, obtusisli. 

 Achenes 5-angled or 5. ribbed, truncate, not beaked. Pappus of 2 or 3 scries of short blunt 

 scales. [From the Arabic name.] 



About 8 species, natives of the Old World. 



I. Cichorium Intybus L. Chicory. Wild 

 Succory. Blue Sailors. Bunk. (Fig. 3513.) 



Cichoiium fnlybus L. Sp. PI. 81.5. 1753. 



Perennial from a long deep tap-root; stems slightly 

 hispid, stiff, much branched, i°-3° high. Basal leaves 

 spreading on the ground, runcinate-pinnatifid, spatulate 

 in outline, 3'-6' long, narrowed into long petioles; up- 

 per leaves much smaller, lanceolate or oblong, lobed or 

 entire, clasping and auricled at the base; heads numer- 

 ous, I'-i/z' broad, 1-4 together in sessile clusters on the 

 nearly naked or bracted branches; inner bracts of the in- 

 volucre about S; flowers bright blue, or sometimes white. 



Roadsides, fields and waste places. Nova Scotia to Minne- 

 sota, North Carolina, Nebraska and Missouri. Abundant 

 eastward. The ground-up root is used as a substitute or adul- 

 terant for cuffee. Flowers usually closed by noon. July-Oct. 

 Cichorium Intybus divaricatum DC. Prodr. 7: 84. 18.38. 



Some or all the heads on stout spreading peduncles i'-4' 

 long. Fretpient with the type. , 



3 An 2. LAPSANA L. Sp. PI. 811. 1753. 



Annual erect branching herbs, with alternate dentate 

 or pinnatifid leaves,and small panicled slcnder-pedunclcd 

 heads of yellow flowers. Involucre nearl3' cylindric, its 

 principal bracts in i series, nearly equal, with a few ex- 

 terior small ones at the base. Receptacle flat, naked. 

 Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagit- 

 tate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes obo- 

 vate-oblong, 20-30-nerved, somewhat flattened, narrowed 

 below, rounded at the summit. Pappus none. [Greek, 

 /on:/>saita, the name of a crucifer.] 



About g species, natives of the Old World. 



I. Lapsana communis L. Nipplewort. 

 Succory Dock-cress. (Fig. 3514.) 



I.apsana communis L. Sp. PI. 811. 1753. 



Stem paniculatcly branched, glabrous above, more or 

 less hispid-pubescent below, i°-3 !4° high. Lower leaves 

 ovate, repand-dcntate, obtuse, thin, pubescent, or glabratc, petioled, 2'-4' long, often with 



