304 COMPOSITAE. [Vol. III. 



7. Vernonia Drurnmondii Shutthv. Drummond's Iron-weed. (Fig. 3607.) 



Vernonia allissima var. grandiffora A. 

 Graj-, Syn. Fl. i: Part 2, qo. 1884. Not 

 V. grandijiora l.es?: 1831. 



I'trnonia Drurnmondii Shultlw ; Wer- 

 ner, Journ. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist. 16: 

 I -I. 1894. 



Stout, densely tomentose.s"-;" high. 

 Leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 

 acuminate, finely serrate, 3'-6' long, 

 '/z'-iYz' wide, scabrous above, densely 

 pubescent beneath; inflorescence usu- 

 ally compact; heads short-peduncled; 

 involucre hemispheric or short-cylin- 

 dric, 2"-6" in diameter, i5-50-flow- 

 ered; bracts purplish, appressed, ovate, 

 acute, or mucronate, more or less floc- 

 cosepubescent or ciliate; achenes gla- 

 brous or a little pubescent. 



Prairies, Illinois and Kentucky to Mis- 

 souri and Texas. .-Vutumn. 



8. Vernonia marginata (Terr.) 

 Britten. James' Iron-weed. 

 (Fig. 3608.) 



Vernonia altissimav&x, margina/aTori;. .\nn. 



Lye. N. Y. 2: 210. 1S27. 

 Veriioniajamesii T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2: 58. 1S41. 

 Cacalia niarginala Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI, 968. 



1891. 

 Vernonia marginala Britten, Mem.Torr.Club, 



5: 311, 1894. 



Glabrous or very nearly so, i°-3° high. 

 Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, minutely 

 denticulate, i-nerved, firm, punctate, 2'-^' 

 long, i)4"-3" wide, acuminate; inflores- 

 cence rather loose; heads slender-peduncled; 

 involucre campanulate or turbinate, 15-30- 

 flowered, 4"-6" broad; bracts ovate or oval, 

 acute, mucronate or obtusish, purplish, some- 

 what pubescent, appressed; achenes nearly 

 glabrous, or somewhat pubescent. 



Prairies, Nebraska to Texas and New Mex- 

 ico. Autumn. 



2. ELEPHANTOPUS L. Sp. PI. 814. 1753. 



Perennial rigid pubescent herbs, with alternate or basal, simple pinnatelj'-veined leaves, 

 and in oitr species glomerate bracted heads of blue or purple flowers in branching corymbs. 

 Heads discoid, 2-5-flowered. Involucre compressed, oblong, its chaffy bracts imbricated in 

 about 2 series, the 4 outer bracts shorter. Bracts of the glomerules large, foliaceous. Recep- 

 tacle small, naked. Corolla nearly regular, s-lobed, but a little deeper cleft on the inner 

 side. Achenes lo-ribbed, truncate. I'appus of rigid persistent awn-like scales or bristles in 

 1 or 2 rows. [Greek, ivory, or Elephant's-foot.] 



About 14 species, natives of tropical or warm regions. Only the following are known to occur 

 in the United States. 



Stem and branches usually leafy. 



Stem scapiform, naked, or with i or 2 leaves. 



Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, 9 "-2' wide; heads 4" long. 



Leaves ovate, oval, or obovate, 2' -4' wide; heads 6" long. 



1. E. Carolinianus. 



2. E. nudatus. 



3. E. lomenlosiis 



