Gexus 3S.] 



THISTLE FAMILY. 



393 



38. lONACTIS Greene, Pittonia, 3: 245. 1897. 



Low, mostly branching, perennial herbs with numerous narrow entire i-nerved leaves, 

 and rather large and showy heads of tubular and radiate flowers terminating the stem and 

 branches. Basal leaves none. Involucral bracts coriaceous, imbricated in several series, ap- 

 pressed, their tips not herbaceous. Raj'-flowers normally violet, pistillate. Disk-flowers 

 perfect, the corolla with a campanulate limb. Achenes villous. Pappus double, the inner 

 series of long capillary bristles, the outer much shorter. [Greek, violet rays.] 



Three known species, natives of North .America. 



I. lonactis linariifolius (L.) Greene. Stiff or Savorj- -leaved Aster. 



(Fig. 3832.). 



Aster linariifolius L. Sp. PI. 874. 1753. 



Diplopal>/>us linariifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. \n\. 2: 21. 1S34. 



lonactis linariifolius Greene, Pittonia, 3: 245. 1897. 



Stems tufted, stiff,puberulent or scabrous, very leafy, 

 corymbosely branched above, 6'-2° high. Leaves 

 linear or spatulate, spreading, i-nerved, rigid, entire, 

 rough, usually ciliolate on the margins, mucronulate, 

 9"-iS" long, I "-2" wide, sessile, those of the branches 

 much smaller and somewhat appressed; heads several, 

 terminating the branchlets, about i' broad; involucre 

 broadly turbinate, its bracts linear-lanceolate, keeled, 

 green on the back, appressed, imbricated in 4 or 5 series, 

 the inner obtuse, the outer usually acute; rays 10-15, 

 violet, rarely white, Vs" long, entire, or their tips 

 dentate, or even laciniate; pappus bristles in 2 series, 

 tawny, the outer ones setose; achenes silky. 



In dry or rocky soil, Newfoundland to Quebec and 

 Florida, west to Minnesota, Missouri and Texas. Called 

 also Sandpaper- or Pine-Starwort. July-Oct. 



Pllui-dk 



39. BACCHARIS L. Sp. PI. 860. 1753. 



Dioecious shrubs, with alternate leaves, and small paniculate or corymbose heads of tu- 

 bular flowers. Involucre campanulate in our species, its bracts imbricated in several series, 

 the outer shorter. Receptacle flat, naked, commonly foveolate. Corolla of the pistillate 

 flowers slender, that of the staminate tubular, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the 

 base. Style-branches narrow or subulate, those of the fertile flowers smooth, exserted, those 

 of the sterile flowers rudimentary, tipped with an ovate pubescent appendage. Achenes 

 more or less compressed, ribbed. Pappus of the fertile flowers copious, capillary, that of 

 the sterile flowers short. [Named for Bacchus; onginally applied to some different shrubs.] 



About 275 species, all American, most abundant in South America. Besides the following, some 

 18 others occur in the southern and western United States. 

 Shrubs: pappus of fertile flowers in i or 2 series. 



Leaves oblong, or lance-oblong, mostly obtuse, sparingly dentate. i. B. salicina. 



Leaves deltoid-obovate, or oblong, the lower coarsely dentate. 2. B. Iialimifolia. 



Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, mostly acute, sparingly dentate. 3. B. nefflecta. 



Herbaceous, from a woody base; pappus of fertile flowers in several series. 4. B. Wrightii. 



I. Baccharis salicina T. &. G. Willow 

 Baccharis. (Fig. 3833.) 



Baccharis salicina T. & G. Fl. N. .'V. 2: 258. 1841. 



A glabrous glutinous much-branched shrub, 3°-6'* 

 high, the branches ascending. Leaves firm, oblong- 

 lanceolate or somewhat oblanceolate, more or less 

 conspicuously 3-nerved, mostly obtuse at the apex, 

 narrowed into a cuneate subsessile base, I'-i^' 

 long, 2"-b" wide, sparingly repaud -dentate, or en- 

 tire; heads in peduncled clusters of 1-7, the invo- 

 lucre of both sterile and fertile ones campanulate, 

 2^"-3" high, its bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 

 acute or subacute; pappus usually but a single 

 series of nearly white capillary bristles. 



Western Kansas and eastern Colorado to Texas. 

 May-July. 



