490 



COMPOSITAE. 



[Vol. III. 



i6. Carduus crispus L. Curled Thistle. 

 Welted Thistle. ( Fig. 407 3 . ) 



CarduHs crispus L. Sp. PI. 821. 1753. 



Biennial, somewhat tomentose; stem much 

 branched, densely prickly, 2°-4° high. Leaves 

 lanceolate in outline, with undulate and ciliate- 

 spiny margins, all sinuate-pinnatifid into broad, 3- 

 lobed, toothed segments, the teeth prickle-pointed, 

 heads several, usually crowded at the ends of the 

 winged branches, i' broad or less, purple or white, 

 sessile or short-peduncled, or some of them rarely 

 solitary and slenderpeduncled; bracts of the in- 

 volucre very numerous, linear, the outer prickle- 

 tipped and rigid, the inner thinner and merely 

 acuminate. 



In waste places, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, 

 and in ballast about the seaports. Adventive from 

 Kurope. Native also of Asia. July-Sept. 



98. MARIANA Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 19. 1762. 



[Sii,YBU.M Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 398. pi. 162. 1S02.] 

 Annual or biennial, simple or branched, nearly glabrous herbs, with large alternate clasp- 

 ing, sinuate-lobed or pinnatifid, white-blotched leaves, and large discoid heads of purple tubu- 

 lar flowers, solitary at the end of the stem or branches. Involucre broad, subglobose, its 

 bracts rigid, imbricated in many series, the lower ones fimbriate-spinulose at the broad trian- 

 gular summit, the middle ones similar but armed with huge spreading or recurved spines, 

 the inner lanceolate, acuminate. Receptacle flat, densely bristly. Corolla-tube slender, the 

 limb expanded and deepl}' 5-cleft. Filaments monadelphous below, glabrous. Anthers sagit- 

 tate at the base. Style nearly entire. Achenes obovate-oblong, compressed, glabrous, sur- 

 mounted by a papillose ring. Pappus-bristles in several series, flattish, barbellate or scabrous. 

 A monotypic genus of the Mediterranean region, v^ \ 



I. Mariana Mariana (L.) Hill. Milk 

 Thistle. (Fig. 4074.) 



Carduus Marianus L. Sp. PI. 823. 1753. 

 Mariana Ufariatia Hill, Hort. Kew. 61." 1769. 

 Silybum Marianum Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 378. 

 1802. 



Stem striate, glabrous or slightly woolly, little 



branched, i°-\° high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 



prickly, strongly clasping, the lower of ten 1 2' long 



and 6' wide, the upper much smaller, scarcely 



lobed, acute; heads about 2Y^' broad; spines of 



the middle involucral bracts often 1 ,'2' long; 



pappus-bristles white, barbellate. 



Escaped from gardens near Kingston, Ontario 

 (T. Walker, according to llacoun 1, in balla.st about 

 the eastern seaports, and on the Pacific Coast from 

 British Columbia to southern California, where it is 

 naturalized. Called also Virgin Mary's Thistle, 

 Lady's Milk, Holy Thistle. June-Aug. 



99. ONOPORDON L. Sp. PI. 827. 1753. 



Coarse, branching or rarely acaulescent, tomentose herbs, with stout stems winged by 

 the decurrent bases of the alternate dentate or pinnatifid, prickly leaves, and large discoid 

 heads of purple violet or white flowers, mostly solitary at the ends of the branches. Invo- 

 lucre nearly globular, its bracts imbricated in many series, all tipped with long spines in out 

 species, the inner narrower than the outer. Receptacle flsit, fleshy, honeycombed, not 

 bristly. Corolla-tube slender, the limb expanded and deeply 5-cleft. Filaments pilose. An- 

 thers sagittate at the base, .\chenes obovate or oblong, 4-angled or compressed, smooth or 

 corrugated. Pappus-bristles in several series, filiform, barbellate or plumose, united at the 

 base. [Greek, Asses' thistle, the ancient name.] 



About 12 species, natives of the Old World. 



