18 V. MEyiSPERMACE^. 



Ovaries 3 or more. 



Seed obloug or globose. 



Style-scar subteiminal ; filaments free 1. Tinospora. 



Style-scar sub-basal ; filaments connate 2. Anamirta. 



Seed horseshoe-sliaped. 



Petals 6, minute, cuneate o. Tiliacora. 



Petals 6, auricled 4. Cocculus. 



Ovary solitary. 

 Sepals free. 



Petals of male and female 3-5, free 5. Stepiiaxia. 



Petals of male 4, connate, of female 1 6. Cissampelos. 



Sepals connate 7. Cyclea. 



1. TINOSPORA, Miers. 



Climbing shrubs. Leaves cordate or truncate at the base. Flowers 

 in axillary or terminal elongate racemes or panicles. Sepals 6, in 2 

 series, the inner larger, membranous. Petals 6, smaller than the sepals. 

 Male flowers : Stamens 6 ; filaments free, thickened at the apex ; 

 anther-cells dehiscing longitudinally by an oblique, almost marginal slit. 

 Female plowees : Staminodes 6, clavate. Ovaries 3; stigmas forked. 

 Drupes 1-3, ovoid ; style-scar subterminal ; endocarp rugose, dorsally 

 keeled, ventrally concave. Seed meniscoid, grooved ventrally or curved 

 round the intruded sub-2-lobed endocarp ; albumen ruminate on the 

 ventral side only ; embryo slightly curved ; cotyledons foliaceous, ovate, 

 divaricate. — Disteib. Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia; species 

 about 8. 



Leaves large, 4-6 in. in diam., tomentose or woolly beneatb 1. T. malaharica. 



Leaves smaller, 2-3i in. in diam., glabrous , 2. T. cordifolia. 



1. Tinospora malabarica, Miers, in Ann. S,- Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 

 V. 7 (1851) p. 38, & Conirib. v. 3 (1864) p. 32. A large climber ; young 

 parts clothed with whitish hairs ; stems ^ in. in diam. ; smooth and 

 shining, with light-colored, papery bark more or less warty. Leaves 

 membranous, 4-0 by 3^-5 in., 7-nerved, broadly ovate, cordate, acumi- 

 nate, pubescent above, whitish-tomentose beneath ; petioles reaching 

 Sin. long, thickened and twisted at the base. Flowers green, in racemes 

 3-6 in. long ; pedicels slender, clustered. Sepals 0, the outer small, 

 ovate-oblong, obtuse, the inner larger, oblong or suborbicular, concave. 

 Petals in the male flowers obovate, cuneate, rounded at the apex, not 

 embracing the stamens. Drupes 1-3 (usually 2), ovoid, smooth, red, on 

 thick stalks ; endocarp marked externallv with many sharp-pointed 

 tubercles. Fl. B. I. v. 1, p. 96 ; Dalz. & Gibs. p. 5 ; Trim. Fi. Ceyl. v. 

 ], p. 38; Talb. Trees, Bomb. p. ; Woodr. in Journ. Bomb. Nat. v. 11 

 (1897) p. 121. Coccvlm malaharkus, DC. Syst. v. 1, p. 518; Grab. 

 Cat. p. 4. 



The Konkan and Kanara, not common. Konkan: Balccll cf- Gihson; in fruit in 

 January, Woodrow; S. Konkan, Nimmo (ex Graham). Kanaka: moist forests of N. 

 Kauara, Talhot. 



2. Tinospora cordifolia, Miers, in Ann. ^' Ma<j. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 

 V. 7 (1851) p. 38, & Contrih. v. 3 (1864) p. 31. An extensive glabrous 

 climber ; bark corky, grooved. Jjcaves membranous, 7-nerved, 2-3| in. 

 long, roundish or subdeltoid, cordate with a broad sinus, reticulately 

 veined, glabrous on both surfaces, subglaucous beneath ; petioles up to 



