XI. RESEDACE.i;. 51 



rounded and obtusely 3-denticulate. Seeds few, pale brown. Fl. B. I. 

 V. 1, p. 182 ; AVoodr. in Journ. Bomb. Nat. v. 11 (1897) p. 123. 



SiND : Hyderabad ; Karachi, Woodroiu. — Distrib. Westwards to Syria and Egypt. 



Ordee XII. VIOLACE^. 



Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or piunatisect; stipules 

 foliaceous or small, commonly deciduous in the shrubby species. Plowers 

 regular or irregular. Sepals 5, usually persistent, equal or unequal, 

 imbricate in bud. Petals 5, hypogynous, equal or unequal, imbricate 

 or contorted in bud. Stamens 5 ; filaments short, broad ; anthers 

 free or connate ; connective broad, produced beyond the cells. Ovary 

 sessile, 1-celled ; ovules many, on 3 parietal placentas, anatropous; 

 stigma capitate, truncate or cupular, entire or lobed. Fruit a 3-valved 

 capsule, rarely baccate. Seeds small ; albumen Heshy ; embryo straight ; 

 cotyledons flat. — Distrib. Throughout almost the whole world, the 

 herbaceous chiefly in the temperate, the shrubby species more frequent 

 in tropical regions; genera 21 ; species 240. 



Sepals produced at the base 1. Viola. 



Sepals not produced at the base 2. Ionidium. 



1. VIOLA, Linn. 



Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate ; stipules pei'sistent, often 

 foliaceous. Flowers on 1- (rarely 2-) flowered axillary peduncles, often 

 dimorphic, some large-petalled which ripen few seeds, others small- 

 petalled or apetalous and prolific. Sepals subequal, produced below 

 their insertion at the base. Petals usually spreading, the inner (lower 

 by the torsion of the pedicels) often the larger, spurred or saccate at the 

 base. Anthers cotniate ; the connectives of the two lower often spurred 

 at the base. Style clavate, or variously dilated, sometimes straight with a 

 terminal stigma, or more or less curved with a stigma facing the lower 

 petal. Capsule elastically 3-valved. Seeds ovoid or globose. — Distrib. 

 Chiefly in the temperate regions of the N. hemisphere and S. America; 

 species about 100. 



1. Viola Stocksii, Boiss. Fl. Orient, v. 1 (1867) p. 453. A low 

 much-branched herb, 3-6 in. high, with woody base ; branches glabrous. 

 Leaves (including the petioles) |-1 by ^| in., oblong-obovate, or elliptic- 

 lanceolate, acute, apiculate, decurrent into the petiole, glabrous, entire 

 or obscurely crenulate (rarely dentate); stipules fimbriate. Flowers 

 small, \ in. in diam., white with a violet blotch on the uppermost petal ; 

 pedicels |-lg in. long, slender, glabrous; bracts -f-^ in. long, subulate, 

 attached near the top of the pedicels. Sepals -^ in. long, lanceolate, 

 tapering to a fine point, glabrous, spur very short, rounded. Style 

 clavate, compressed ; stigma of 2 oblong, parallel disks. Capsules 1— | in. 

 long, smooth, cylindric, pointed at both ends. Seeds ovoid, pointed, 

 white, polished. Viola cinerea, Hook. f. & Thoms. in Fl. B. I. v. 1, 

 p. 185 (not of Boiss.) ; AVoodr. in Journ. Bomb. Nat. v. 11 (1897) p. 124 ; 

 AYatt, Diet. Econ. Prod. v. 6, part 4, p. 244. — Flowers : July-Aug. 



GuJAi!AT;(Rajkot (Kathiawar), C. Macnaghten \ ; Thorala (Kathiawar), C. Mac- 

 nac/htenl Sind : Dal.:eU, 731, Coole\, IVoodrow '. ; Margaili, J'k'aiyl; Mooja-Khail, 

 Vicart/, 11 I — Dlstkib. Beluchistan, Afghanistan. 



e2 



